Macroscope(宏觀鏡) vs Microscope(顯微鏡)

Macroscope(宏觀鏡) vs Microscope(顯微鏡)

中文引言：宏觀鏡(macroscope) 和顯微鏡(microscope)的發明和應用極大地拓展了人類探索大自然（包括人類自身）的廣度和深度，促進了人類思想認識的巨大解放，給人類科技和日常生活帶來革命性的進步。現代植物和化石植物的深入研究都離不開宏觀鏡和顯微鏡。

Macroscope (宏觀鏡) and microscope (顯微鏡) consist of  indispensable and powerful devices, which bring about stirring observations and revolutionary understandings of nature with human beijings included. Neobotanists and paleobotanists have to resort to macroscope and microscope to make seminal and integrative studies of living and fossil plants.

 

∮1 Human eye

The human eye is a sense organ, which is a complex optical system. Some gross morphological characters of living and fossil plants can be observed using human eyes. People can feel that the red leaves of recent maple trees in autumn are very beautiful. The teeth of fossil angiosperm leaves can be observed if they are present.

Fig.1. Human eye

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye

∮ 2 Macroscope

2-1 Macroscopic scale

“The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are too large to be visible practically with the naked eye.^”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopic_scale

2-2 Satellite

Satellites serves as global macroscopes for many purposes. The satellite images are utilized to observe the changing pattern and process of terrestrial vegetation and landscape.

Fig.2 .OES-8, a United States weather satellite.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite

Fig.3. The Blue Marble" is a famous photograph of the Earth taken on December 7, 1972, by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft en route to the Moon at a distance of about 29,000 kilometres (18,000 mi). It shows Africa, Antarctica, and the Arabian Peninsula.  (Created: 7 December 1972)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

2-3 Other macroscopes

……

∮ 3 Microscope

3-1 Microscopic scale

“The microscopic scale is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopic_scale

3-2 Compound microscope

Fig.4. A compound microscope in a Biology lab.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope

Fig.5. General view of cells in the growing root-tip of the onion from a longitudinal section (Created: 31 December 1899)

Original figure legend: "General view of cells in the growing root-tip of the onion, from a longitudinal section, enlarged 800 diameters. a. non-dividing cells, with chromatin-network and deeply stained nucleoli; b. nuclei preparing for division (spireme-stage); c. dividing cells showing mitotic figures; e. pair of daughter-cells shortly after division."

Edmund Beecher Wilson - Figure 2 of: Wilson, Edmund B. (1900) The cell in Development and Inheritance (2nd ed.), New York City: The Macmillan Company

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

3-3 Other microscopes

…..

 

Acknowledgement: The relevant images as well as illustrations in the series of Plant Morphology and Anatomy for Neobotany and Paleobotany are cited for pedagogical and scientific purposes and gratefully acknowledged.

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Qigao Sun (孫啟高 2016年元月16日初步整理)

植物形態解剖學: Neo & Paleo-植物學（2）

結構植物學: Neo & Paleo-植物學(2)

Morphology & Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.2)

Structure Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.2)

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Morphology & Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.0)

Structure botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.0)

Feng Chun-ling: Botany Theory of Theophrastus

馮春玲:植物學之父--提奧弗拉斯托斯的植物學思想研究：以《植物史》和《植物的本原》為中心(in Chinese with English abstract)

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-942259.html

2015-12-10 00:46

植物形態解剖學: Neo & Paleo-植物學（1）

結構植物學: Neo & Paleo-植物學(1)

Morphology & Anatomy: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.1)

Structure Botany: Neobotany+Paleobotany(No.1)

植物學之父Theophrastus：植物形態解剖學

Theophrastus: the origin of plant morphology and anatomy (in English with Chinese introduction)

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-950680.html

2016-1-16 02:00    

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