ZT-成年人需要注射的五種疫苗
http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/722635.html
1. Flu shots（流感疫苗）：
6個月嬰兒以上者都應該每年注射流感疫苗，尤其是有慢性疾病的人。目前有專門給65歲以上的人的高劑量疫苗，它會提供額外的保護。
2. Pneumococcal vaccine（肺炎球菌疫苗）：
65歲以上的人都應該接種此疫苗。不到65歲的吸煙者或患有慢性疾病如糖尿病、心髒病、哮喘、COPD（慢阻肺）等的成年人也需要此疫苗。請谘詢自己的醫生。
你需要兩劑：65歲時注射第一劑 PCV13，一年後再注射第二劑 PPSV23 。
3. Tetanus boosters（破傷風加強針）：
破傷風加強針應每10年注射一次。 加強針裏至少有一次應該是百白破Tdap(Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)三聯針，可防百日咳。
4. Shingles vaccine（帶狀皰疹疫苗）：
60歲以上者開始注射，且沒有年齡上限。
5. Hepatitis vaccines（肝炎疫苗）：
目前兒童從出生起就開始注射甲肝、乙肝疫苗。乙肝疫苗不限年齡，適用於所有年齡組。甲肝是食入或飲用到被感染者糞便汙染的食物或飲水而引起的。要出國旅行者也可以注射甲肝疫苗。目前還沒有丙肝疫苗。
5 Vaccines for Adults: Why (and When) You Need Them- How to protect yourself against serious, sometimes deadly, diseases
來源：https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2017/08/5-vaccines-for-adults-why-and-when-you-need-them/
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2017/08/how-doctors-are-cracking-the-code-for-your-chronic-cough/
3 common reasons for chronic cough
Chronic cough is most commonly caused by one of three conditions:
Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS): Post-nasal drip accompanied by frequent nasal drainage and throat-clearing can have several causes, including allgergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis. Allergic rhinitis may be due to airborne allergies (like pollen), irritants (like tobacco smoke), infections (like the common cold) or swelling and congestion caused by blood vessel dilation (vasomotor rhinitis). Chronic sinusitis involves sinus inflammation and drainage.
Asthma: Cough is sometimes the only sign of asthma. Called “cough-variant asthma,” this condition stems from airway inflammation.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): If you have heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth, your cough may be caused by acid back-up into the esophagus. “Some patients do not have classic symptoms of GERD, but their cough can be related to reflux,” notes Dr. Taliercio.
Less common causes of chronic cough include non-infectious bronchitis unrelated to asthma and laryngeal reflux (acid back-up into the throat and voice box).
And to complicate things a bit, “it’s not uncommon to have more than one reason for your chronic cough,” says Dr. Taliercio.
......
怎麽治？
If you have UACS or asthma, you should experience a 50 percent reduction in your cough within a few weeks of treatment. If you have GERD, it may take several months for anti-reflux therapy to work.
Using this approach works for the majority of patients Dr. Taliercio and Paul Bryson, MD (an ear, nose and throat specialist), see in their Chronic Cough Clinic.