羅素柯克“保守主義十大原則”

羅素柯克的保守主義原則[編輯]

拉塞爾柯克開發了六種保守主義的“規範”，Gerald J. Russello描述如下：
1.對超越性秩序的信仰，柯克在傳統，神聖的啟示或自然法則中不同地描述;
2.對人類生存的“多樣性和神秘性”的感情;
3.堅信社會需要強調“自然”區別的秩序和階級;
4.相信財產和自由緊密相連;
5.對習俗，慣例和處方的信心，以及
6.認識到創新必須與現有的傳統和習俗聯係在一起，這需要尊重審慎的政治價值。[93]

柯克說，基督教和西方文明是“彼此難以想象的”[94]並且“所有文化都源於宗教。當宗教信仰衰落時，文化必須衰落，盡管在宗教信仰之後，文化必然會蓬勃發展滋養它已陷入難以置信。“[95]

在後來的作品中，柯克將這份名單擴展為他的“保守主義十大原則”[96]，內容如下：
首先，保守派認為存在著持久的道德秩序。
第二，保守派堅持習俗，慣例和連續性。
3.第三，保守派相信所謂的處方原則。
第四，保守派遵循其審慎原則。
第五，保守派注意多樣性的原則。
6.第六，保守派受到不完善原則的懲罰。
7.第七，保守派被說服自由與財產緊密相連。
8.Eighth，保守派支持自願社區，就像他們反對非自願的集體主義一樣。
9.第九，保守派認為需要對權力和人類的激情進行謹慎的限製。
10.第十，思想保守派理解永恒和變革必須在充滿活力的社會中得到認可和調和


Russell Kirk's principles of conservatism[edit]

Russell Kirk developed six "canons" of conservatism, which Gerald J. Russello described as follows:

1. A belief in a transcendent order, which Kirk described variously as based in tradition, divine revelation, or natural law;
2. An affection for the "variety and mystery" of human existence;
3. A conviction that society requires orders and classes that emphasize "natural" distinctions;
4. A belief that property and freedom are closely linked;
5. A faith in custom, convention, and prescription, and
6. A recognition that innovation must be tied to existing traditions and customs, which entails a respect for the political value of prudence.^[93]

Kirk said that Christianity and Western Civilization are "unimaginable apart from one another"^[94] and that "all culture arises out of religion. When religious faith decays, culture must decline, though often seeming to flourish for a space after the religion which has nourished it has sunk into disbelief."^[95]

In later works, Kirk expanded this list into his "Ten Principles of Conservatism"^[96] which are as follows:

1. First, the conservative believes that there exists an enduring moral order.
2. Second, the conservative adheres to custom, convention, and continuity.
3. Third, conservatives believe in what may be called the principle of prescription.
4. Fourth, conservatives are guided by their principle of prudence.
5. Fifth, conservatives pay attention to the principle of variety.
6. Sixth, conservatives are chastened by their principle of imperfectability.
7. Seventh, conservatives are persuaded that freedom and property are closely linked.
8. Eighth, conservatives uphold voluntary community, quite as they oppose involuntary collectivism.
9. Ninth, the conservative perceives the need for prudent restraints upon power and upon human passions.
10. Tenth, the thinking conservative understands that permanence and change must be recognized and reconciled in a vigorous society.

http://www.wenxuecity.com/groups/bbs.php?act=bbsview&gid=2508&basecode=941933

Judeo-Christian ethics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

 

Jump to navigationJump to search

This article is about the 20th-century American concept of common values shared between the two religions. For the term "Judeo-Christian", grouping Judaism and Christianity, see Judeo-Christian. For the intersection in general of Judaism with Christianity, see Christianity and Judaism.

 

A monument at the Texas State Capitol depicting the Ten Commandments. The U.S. Supreme Court let it stand in Van Orden v. Perry (2005).

The idea that a common Judeo-Christian ethics or Judeo-Christian values underpins American politics, law and morals has been part of the "American civil religion" since the 1940s. In recent years, the phrase has been associated with political conservatives, but the concept—though not always the exact phrase—has frequently featured in the rhetoric of leaders across the political spectrum, including that of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson.