隴山隴西郡
寧靜純我心 感得事物人 寫樸實清新. 閑書閑話養閑心,閑筆閑寫記閑人;人生無虞懂珍惜，以沫相濡字字真。
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合作者（2）：導師和學生之間的合作贏得了諾貝爾獎 (乳糖操縱子的基因表達的控製研究)
Collaborator (2): Collaboration between mentor and student won a Nobel Prize.
雅各布博士, 1965年諾貝爾醫學獎導師與學生團隊的最後一人, 今天去世了。我很傷感，我記得, 當我上大學，讀他們的故事，促使我追求研究分子生物學。在這裏，我寫下這隻是時間的流逝難忘的事件。與我擦肩而過的記憶。
其實, 導師和學生之間的合作贏得了諾貝爾獎。在曆史上，這是不常見。隻有幸運的人，願意共享。
學生(雅各和導師爾沃夫分享了1965年諾貝爾醫學獎: 他們發現酶和病毒合成“ - 乳糖操縱子的基因表達的控製研究--遺傳控製轉錄調控係統的第一個例子。”
名言: “大腸杆菌的基因調控任何發現, 也適用於大象基因調控。”
世界二戰, 雅各布博士的祖父，法國陸軍四星上將，乘船逃到英國於1940年加入了自由戴高樂領導的法國軍隊。
雅各布博士曾作為一名北非和法國盟軍醫務人員，在，在那裏他被德國空襲作戰打成重傷。法國二戰英雄,
他曾獲多項重要的軍事榮譽，包括戰爭解放十字勳章。
戰爭結束後, Jacob 在1947年完成他的醫學院，但他從戰鬥創傷的損害手阻止他成為一名外科醫生。在追求什麽職業，戰鬥創傷迫使他改變他的職業生涯路徑，從外科醫生轉向科學家。他被鼓勵嚐試研究，
盡管他從戰鬥創傷的的笨拙和老年，雅各堅持走向研究遺傳學的職業生涯。雅各幾次詢問安德烈爾沃夫, 雅克·莫諾，每次被拒絕。
雅各的最後一次嚐試，爾沃夫是在一個良好的心情, 建議雅各研究誘導噬菌體。雅各沒想到研究誘導噬菌體, 根本不知道這是什麽意思，出於好意，但他接受了項目。1950年，弗朗索瓦·雅各布加盟巴斯德研究所博士安德烈爾沃夫下。
1954年在34歲, 他贏得了在索邦大學科學博士學位。在那些日子裏，這34歲笨拙和老年，他很難找到一個科學的職位，所以他留在他的導師爾沃夫的實驗室。雅各布仍然從事噬菌體研究。雅克·莫諾在樓下研究細菌。雅各布後意識到，他們實際上是在研究相同的事情 - 雅各布和莫諾開始了他們的諾貝爾獎的合作，發現β-半乳糖苷酶合成的開關打開和關閉。
如何製定的問題更重要，他們是，“雅各布博士後來寫道。“在最好的情況下，導致更多的問題的答案。這是係統炮製使得未來的期望，一台機器。對於我來說，這個世界上的問題，並臨時，這場追逐的答案後，總是推遲到第二天，所有的欣快。我住的未來。“
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Collaboration between mentor and student won a Nobel Prize. It has not been common in the history. Only the lucky ones, who were willing to share the credit and lived long, panned out in the end. That was why I remember this story:
The teacher-student team:
François Jacob (1920-2013), student.
Jacques Monod (1910-1976), Lwoff's colleauge.
André Lwoff (1902-1994), Jacob's mentor.
Notable awards: 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with JacquesMonod and André Lwoff (1902-1994).
Reading the article about the passaway of Jacob, has sadden me, reminding me of the time when I was a college student. Their claim, "like E.coli, like elephant", intrigued me, motivated me to pursue a career in molecular biology with my own belief "No way, E.coli must be different from elephants" -- The thought of challenging their hypothesis thrilled me to put forth with my best effort to learn French. I passed the comprehensive exams (spoken, listening, reading comprehension, and writing) of French issued by the University of Paris, hoping I could study at the Pasteur Institute.
In those days, so many new hypotheses, so many new discoveries, popped up and surfaced at a speed of breathtaking, so much lust in the eyes of students, wildly excited about chasing their dreams of DNA, RNA, proteins, or something in between. I got lost in the ocean of booming discoveries, so much so "Eyes wide shut" of seeing many famous scientists at the center of many actions.
Now, I realized that my belief of that E.coli must be different from elephants has been partially true even though this has not been my own finding - I got a dream - my dream did not fully come to fruition. What a wild ride of racing cars! Hilarious! Amazing! Hallelujah!
Some facts were fascinating as follows:
Dr. Jacob, whose grand father had been a four-star general in the French Army, fled to England by boat in 1940 and joined the Free French Army led by Charles de Gaulle.
French war hero whose combatwounds forced him to change his career paths from surgeon to scientist.
In 1950, François Jacob joined the Institut Pasteur under Dr. André Lwoff. After obtaining his doctorate in 1954, Jacob remained in Lwoff's lab and worked on phage. Jacques Monod worked downstairs on bacteria. After Jacob realized that they were actually studying the same thing - repression - Jacob and Monod began their Nobel Prize-winning collaboration, uncovering the switch that turns beta-galactosidase
synthesis off and on.
In 1958 the remarkable analogy revealed by geneticanalysis of lysogeny and that of the induced biosynthesis of ß-galactosidaseled François Jacob, with Jacques Monod, to study themechanisms responsible for the transfer of genetic information as well as the regulatory pathways which, in the bacterial cell, adjust the activity and synthesis of macromolecules. Following this analysis, Jacob and Monod proposeda series of new concepts, those of messenger RNA, regulator genes, operons and allosteric proteins.
Nobel Prize motivation: "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"--famous for their work on the lac operon. Study of the control of expression of genes in the lac operon provided the first example of a transcriptional regulation system.
"Anything found to be true of E. coli mustalso be true of elephants," claimed by Jacques Monod.
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Francois Jacob grew up in Paris feelingdeprived. He wanted a sibling and thought his parents unjustly denied him theaccomplice and playmate he was entitled to. He decided to get one for himselfbut knew they weren't available in stores.
He studiously watched kissing couples
after hearing that kissing causes a baby to grow in the mother's stomach. He was convinced that the mother had to bite off a fragment of the father but henever witnessed the bloody process he imagined and he gave up. (Jacob later produced four children with his wife Lise in the normal fashion.)
As a teenager, Jacob describes himself as"a shade backwards with girls." He didn't have much success with
the boys either, constantly getting into fights with right-wing bullies who objected to Jacob's Jewish background. He continued fighting though he rarely won. Jacob excelled in school but he resented the compartmentalization of the subjects.
After finishing school, Jacob was attracted to the field of medicine because surgery reminded him of sorcery. The sight of the human body and the religious aspect of the silent operating room
transfixed him. Jacob attended medical school until the impending German
invasion forced him to flee to England in 1940.
In England, Jacob joined General deGaulle's army, the Free French. He chose artillery, his family's branch, but was forced to move to the medical corps. Jacob served in North Africa and
participated in the invasion of Normandy in 1944.
The shrapnel that pierced his side duringthe invasion killed his dream of becoming a surgeon. Nevertheless, he finished medical school after being released from the hospital. To complete school, he searched for a quick and easy thesis project. He studied the properties of a new antibiotic, tryothicin, but describes his research technique as "Charlie Chaplin goes to the lab."
Despite his clumsiness and advanced age, Jacob was drawn toward a research
career in genetics. Several times Jacob approached Andre Lwoff and hiscolleague, Jacques Monod, for a fellowship only to be rejected every time.
Finally, on Jacob's last attempt, Lwoff was in a good mood and suggested Jacobs tart work on "the induction of the prophage." Jacob had no idea what this meant but he accepted the project.
Jacob emerged from his first seminar on
lactose induction dazed but fascinated. The scientists alternately told jokesand grilled each other with tough questions. "This was not the cold,studious, stiff, slightly sad, slightly boring world one often imagines,"he recalled in his autobiography.
After obtaining his doctorate in 1954, Jacob remained in Lwoff's lab and worked on phage. Jacques Monod worked downstairs on bacteria. After Jacob realized that
they were actually studying the same thing - repression - Jacob and Monod begantheir Nobel Prize-winning collaboration, uncovering the switch that turns beta-galactosidase synthesis off and on.
Jacob and Monod's unraveling of the lacoperon not only introduced the new concept of regulatory sites on DNA, but alsothe concept of mRNA. The researchers had to hypothesize the existence of anintermediary molecule between DNA and protein to account for the rapidproduction of the enzyme's production. Jacob worked with Sydney Brenner duringa brief stay in California to verify the hypothesis.
http://www.dnalc.org/view/16702-Biography-33-Francois-Jacob-1920-.html
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FrançoisJacob, Geneticist Who Pointed to How Traits Are Inherited, Dies at 92
François Jacob, left,and Jacques Monod in 1971. They helped discover how genes are regulated.
Published: April 25, 2013 Dr. François Jacob, a French war hero whose combat wounds forced him to change his career paths from surgeon to scientist, a pursuit that led to a Nobel Prize in1965 for his role in discovering how genes are regulated, died on April 19 inParis. He was 92.
François Jacob in 1997.
TheFrench government announced his death.
Dr. Jacobsaid he had been watching a
dull movie with his wife, Lysiane, in 1958 when he began day dreaming and was struck with an idea of how genes might function. “I think I’ve just thought upsomething important,” he told her.
Seven years later, Dr. Jacob shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. Jacques Monod and Dr. André Lwoff, his colleagues at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, for their discovery that cells can switch on and switch off certain genetic information. Their work, which focused on bacteria,increased understanding of how genes could be selectively deployed by anorganism. “They’re all there in the egg. But how does the egg know when to turn from one type of cell type to another?” Richard Burian, a professor emeritus ofphilosophy and science studies at Virginia Tech, said of the question asked byDr. Jacob and his colleagues. “There must be some kind of signal.”
Their discovery, considered central to the development of molecular biology, offered new insight into how people inherit traits, how they grow and develop, and howthey contract and fight diseases.
“Thediscoveries have given a strong impetus to research in all domains of biologywith far-reaching effects spreading out like ripples in the water,” Sven Gard,a member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, said when the threemen were awarded the prize, according to the Nobel Web site.“Now that we know the nature of such mechanisms, we have the possibility oflearning to master them.”
François Jacob was born on June 17, 1920, in Nancy, France. He had begun studying medicine when World War II began. France was occupied by Nazi Germany’s forces in 1940, and Dr. Jacob, whose grandfather had been a four-star general in the French Army, fled to England by boat in 1940 and joined the Free French Army led by Charles de Gaulle.
He worked as a medical officer and fought with Allied forces in North Africa and in France, where he was seriously wounded in a German air raid. He received numerous high military honors,including the Cross of War and the Cross of the Liberation.
Dr. Jacobreturned to medical school after the war, completing his studies in 1947, but damage to his hands from his combat wounds prevented him from becoming a surgeon. At a loss for what career to pursue, he was encouraged to try research and, though he had little training in it, he found a place at the Pasteur Institute in 1950. (He earned a doctorate in science at the Sorbonne in 1954.)
Working with other scientists at Pasteur, he quickly distinguished himself by identifying how bacteria adapt to drugs and bacterial viruses. It was a time of great discoveries in genetics. In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis Crick published their ground breaking work on the double helix structure of DNA. At the Pasteur Institute, Dr. Jacob began working with Dr.Monod, and they soon had a breakthrough of their own. By means of aseries of innovative experiments, they established that the transfer of genetic information could be controlled through two different types of genes, regulatory genes and structural genes, with the former controlling the expression of the latter.
“What mattered more than the answers were the questions and how they wereformulated,” Dr. Jacob later wrote. “For in the best of cases, the answer led to more questions. It was a system for concocting expectation, a machine formaking the future. For me, this world of questions and the provisional, this chase after an answer that was always put off to the next day, all that was euphoric. I lived in the future.”
Dr. Jacob expanded his research into otherareas, including how cancer grows and spreads. He also waded into adebate about genetic superiority that arose when the Nobel-winning physicist William B. Shockley,who argued that race andheredity are important to intelligence, was among four Nobel laureates whocontributed to a sperm bank intended to produce gifted children throughartificial insemination. Dr. Jacob was amused at the notion, and he consideredit misguided.
“For thegroup, as well as for the species, what gives an individual his genetic valueis not the quality of his genes,” he wrote in Le Monde in 1980 in an articlethat laterappeared in The New York Times. “It is the fact that he does nothave the same collection of genes as anyone else. It is the fact that he isunique. The success of thehuman species is due notably to its biological diversity. Its potential lies inthis diversity.”
Dr. Jacobbecame laboratory director at the Pasteur Institute in 1956 and four yearslater was appointed head of its new department of cell genetics. In 1964, hejoined the Collège de France, where a chair of cell genetics was created forhim.
Dr. Jacobmarried Lysiane Bloch, known as Lise, a pianist, in 1947. They had fourchildren. After her death, he married Geneviève Barrier in 1999. Informationabout survivors was unavailable.
Dr.Jacob’s inquiries included matters moral and philosophical as well as cellular.He once wrote that he wanted to discover “the core of life.”
“Whatintrigues me in my life is: How did I come to be what I am?” he wrote in his 1988 autobiography, “TheStatue Within.” “How did this person develop, this I whom I rediscover each morning and to whom I must accommodate myself to the end?”
A version of thisarticle appeared in print on April 26, 2013, on page B17 of the NewYork edition with the headline: François Jacob, Geneticist Who Pointed ToHow Traits Are Inherited, Dies at 92.
合作者(1)為科學而餓肚子-君子和而不同
本文引用地址：http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-847277-680897.html
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-847277-684429.html 此文來自科學網李勝文博客，轉載請注明出處。
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13 蔡輝儒 曹裕波 唐淩峰 薛宇 劉淼 曹聰 餘世鋒 徐大彬 歐陽瑤 張世成 李天成 張能立 biofans
該博文允許注冊用戶評論 請點擊登錄 評論 (11 個評論)
- [11]李勝文
- 作者：任春曉 來源：科學網 www.sciencenet.cn 發布時間：2013-4-28 12:17:23
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諾貝爾獎得主弗朗索瓦·雅各布逝世 享年92歲
據外媒報道，1965年諾貝爾醫學或生理學獎得主之一、法國分子遺傳學家弗朗索瓦•雅各布（Francois Jacob）於2013年4月19日在法國巴黎逝世，享年92歲。
雅各布1920年6月17日生於法國東北部城市南錫，1947年獲得巴黎大學醫學博士學位。在他的研究生涯中，雅各布與Jacques Lucien Monod、Andre Lwoff在微生物遺傳調控方麵做出了傑出的貢獻。最顯著的貢獻是確立了Jacob-Monod操縱子模型，解釋了原核基因調控的原理。他還研究了作為DNA和核糖體之間媒介，mRNA參與蛋白質合成的作用機製。這些工作，讓雅各布與Jacques Lucien Monod、Andre Lwoff分享了1965年諾貝爾醫學或生理學獎。
業內人士評論認為，沃森和克裏克發現了DNA結構，雅各布等人的工作則揭示了遺傳信息如何傳遞。（科學網 任春曉/編譯）
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2013-4-29 10:34:24 wzpwlsbio
開創，原創！ 可惜中國人還不具備產生的評價機製。
2013-4-28 21:37:07 xuanwofanye
又一位大神離去。。。
2013-4-28 18:15:30 wcvery
操縱子模型意義非凡！
2013-4-28 14:14:29 nanofeifei
bless
2013-4-28 13:40:15 twhlw
偉大的逝者，如水的斯夫！
- [10]李鶴
- I'm sorry to be so immodest. I learned much from you, the process you pursue your carrer from this article motive me to pursue my career. Thank for remind me to keep modest. 請教一下，“E.coli must be different from elephants ”翻譯成漢語是“e.杆菌必須不同於大象”嗎？
- [9]crossing
- 內容好像不錯。但博主粗製濫造，汗顏哪
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:21)：哈哈！好像不太正確哦？您給潤潤色？
- [8]李鶴
- 學習了！英語比漢語看的順。
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:23)：Wow! Thanks! Your English sounds great! I would like to learn from you.
- [7]biofans
- >>[5]何學鋒 2013-4-27 16:25 中文是用機器翻譯的吧，文法太爛了，建議重新翻譯修改一下中文部分。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
編輯MM認為好，所以才精選啊。 - 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:25)：哈哈！好像不太正確哦？您給文法修改一下中文部分潤潤色？"編輯MM認為好，所以才精選啊。" -- Hoping many Chinese mentor-student teams accomplish as much as this team.
- [6]davos
- 原來前麵的中文是翻譯的，怪不得a@%#￥……￥%&%%&%的感覺
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:27)：Thanks so much for pointing it out。Can you polish it?
- [5]何學鋒
- 中文是用機器翻譯的吧，文法太爛了，建議重新翻譯修改一下中文部分。
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:29)：有請高手！你嚐試給文法修改一下中文部分潤潤色？
- [4]楊正瓴
- 聽太太的，也會拿諾貝爾獎金。
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:32)：後悔? 你嚐試聽太太的!
- [3]周著黃
- “Noble Prize”應為“Nobel Prize”
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:35)：Thanks so much for your pointing it out. I guess, Alfred Nobel wanted to be a Noble man all in his life - I got his point? whatever, Nobel is noble now, you got that right. Changed it per your advice. Thanks.
- [2]夏田
- 乳糖操縱子學說經典，可惜大師已去。
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:37)：Yes, the beauty of engineered concept, classic!
- [1]劉俊華
- 多謝李老師分享！
- 博主回複(2013-4-28 03:39)：Thank you! Do you know if anyone translated his autobiograph to Chinese? A great read, highly recommended!
