藍月星雨
本人信奉之藍人準則：但求三餐不愁。睡大覺，喝小酒，穿花衣裳。
聯合維護和平
By Jeremy Brecher
ZNet 2003.3.20
世界各地，不論政府還是人民都在要求聯合國大會根據《聯合維護和平》決議插手美國率領的進攻伊拉克的行動。美國慌忙預防性地向世界各國要求“避免”呼籲聯合國大會緊急特別會議。下麵是美國在世界各國要求聯合國大會召開緊急會議之後竭力阻撓啟動“聯合維護和平”行動的清單。
1． 美國預防性封殺聯大會議
美國駐智利大使布朗士菲爾德證實發出過此信，說是希望“避免更多的外交麻煩”，他並透露向世界所有國家都發出了這一內容的信。
盡管布朗士菲爾德大使說智利在安理會的立場不會影響自由貿易協議，他公開批評了智利在最後一刻提出的給伊拉克更多時間解除武裝的建議。La Tercera的報道說在新聞發布會後，在被問到如果智利不支持美國將來是否會遭到報複時，他說，“我不否認或肯定任何可能性。將來自會有將來的答案。”
在巴巴多斯，來自外交渠道的消息說美國國務院向當局發出了一個緊急通知強調美國將參與這種會議的行為視做“敵視美國國家利益”。在牙買加，外交部的官員證實美國在昆士敦的使館轉達了來自華盛頓布什政府希望如果聯大召開上述會議牙買加最好不要參與的口信。外交部副部長富蘭克林對牙買加觀察說，“我的理解是美國使館聯絡我們拒絕支持聯大召開會議。”
2． 俄羅斯杜馬，以及許多國家，呼籲“聯合維護和平”
聯合國
外交官們告訴CNN，“不結盟運動的成員國—占聯合國成員總數2/3強的國家—討論了在《聯合維護和平》決議下召開聯大緊急會議。”
俄羅斯
國家下議院杜馬，“因美國和英國率領的對伊拉克的軍事行動”以226對101通過了要求俄羅斯總統尋求聯合國大會召開緊急特別會議。上院對此也持同樣的看法。聯邦國際事務委員會主席馬格洛夫說，“召開聯大緊急特別會議是必要的。”國防和安全委員會負責人奧斯洛夫對“（美國）這一行動向穆斯林世界的擴張和加速國際恐怖份子的腳步”表示憂慮。工業政策委員會第一副主席沙提洛夫則表示，聯大會議可以考慮由於石油泄漏和油井著火對“陸地，空氣和水域”產生的嚴重生態災難而影響俄羅斯上空的大氣層。
馬來西亞
馬來西亞，現任116國組成的不結盟運動的主席國，譴責美國率領的對伊拉克的進攻“是侵略行為”。執行總理巴達維說，馬來西亞作為不結盟運動的主席國，“將與不結盟運動的成員國一道磋商尋找恰如其分的行動方法。”
印度尼西亞
印尼總統馬哈維提呼籲聯合國安理會召開要求美國及其盟國停戰的緊急會議。“如果行不通，聯合國大會應該召開會議討論這個問題”，馬哈維提夫人在一個內閣特別會議後說。
巴西
巴西總統達斯爾瓦說，“與包括聯合國秘書長安南在內的區域及世界各國領導人探討了召集反對對伊拉克采取軍事行動的各國首腦在聯大開會討論替代軍事衝突的可能性。”
澳大利亞
澳大利亞議會民主黨領袖巴特來參議員要求政府引用377號決議（聯合維護和平）在聯合國大會提出伊拉克戰爭問題。“聯大應該授權，比如說，武檢團完成核查使命。絕大多數會員國投票通過的反戰決議會給美國，英國和澳大利亞施加更多的壓力去考慮（自己的行為）”
巴基斯坦
在伊斯坦布爾召開的一個包括前空軍負責人和前外交部長的研討會上，發言者們倡議“這個問題應該被提到聯合國大會，而戰爭應該由一個2/3多數通過的決議製止。”
梵帝岡
梵帝岡司法和平委員會負責人，16年來一直擔任梵帝岡駐聯合國代表一職的大主教馬迪諾說聯大可以召開包括所有聯合國會員國的緊急特別會議，“在這種情況下，所有國家都可以發言和投票，國際社會的全體成員可以麵對自己的責任。”
英國
英國和平組織CND表示，“聯合國的權威被毀壞了。CND要求聯合國通過動用《聯合維護和平》決議召開聯大全體會議質疑戰爭而恢複自身的信譽”
婦女
數千名來自35個以上國家婦女組織的婦女在新徳裏示威，強烈要求“聯合國會員國運用他們的權利根據377號決議召開聯合國大會緊急特別會議停止轟炸和避免災難”。在參加者中，有來自敘利亞，俄羅斯，中國，德國，瑞典，法國，加拿大和土耳其的婦女。
綠色和平組織的旗艦彩虹戰士封鎖了美國海軍海岬之角向伊拉克戰爭運送武器的航線。“綠色和平組織呼籲聯合國所有成員國阻止西班牙，英國和美國無視聯合國憲章私自發動對伊拉克的非法戰爭。” 綠色和平組織說，聯合國大會的191個成員國應該動用聯合國377號決議，即《聯合維護和平》決議，召集緊急特別大會。在日本，日本綠色和平組織呼籲政府提倡動用聯合維護和平決議。在華盛頓，綠色和平組織的示威者也要求動用《聯合維護和平》決議。
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譯者附
聯合國大會《聯合維護和平》決議
By Jeremy Brecher
ZNet
March 20, 2003
All over the world, governments and civil society groups are proposing to take the US-led attack on Iraq to the UN General Assembly under a procedure known as "Uniting for Peace." The US is so alarmed that it has launched a preemptive attack with a letter to all countries in the world which "demands" that they avoid "calls for an emergency session of the General Assembly. Here's a report on the US efforts to block "Uniting for Peace," followed by reports from around the world on the effort to convene the UN General Assembly to challenge US aggression against Iraq. 1. US PREMPTIVE ATTACK AGAINST A UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY MEETING
The Chilean newspaper La Tercera reports that their embassy in Washington received a letter from the U.S., technically called a "non paper," that "demands" that they "focus on the real challenges that are to come and avoid provocative steps within the Security Council such as condemning resolutions or calls for an emergency session of the General Assembly. Such steps will not change the path that we are on, but will increase tensions, make divisions deeper and could provoke more damage to the UN and the Security Council."
US Ambassador to Chile Brownsfield confirmed that the letter was sent, saying it was in the hopes of "avoiding more diplomatic problems." He said it was sent to all the countries of the world. Although Ambasador Brownsfield has said that Chile's position on the Security Council resolution won't affect the Free Trade Deal, he publicly criticized Chile's last-minute proposal to give Iraq more time to disarm. La Tercera says that after the press conference, he told individual journalists asking about whether there would be reprisals against Chile in the future if they don't support the U.S.: "I don't reject or accept anything. The future will develop however it develops." In Barbados, diplomatic sources said the US State Department had sent an urgent note to regional governments stressing that the US would see the region's participation in such a meeting as "inimical to its national interest." In Jamaica, foreign ministry officials confirmed that the US Embassy in Kingston had verbally passed on a message from Washington that the Bush administration would prefer that Jamaica stay away if the General Assembly is in fact called into session. "My understanding is that we were contacted by the US Embassy asking us to refrain from giving support in relationship to what they understand to be a General Assembly meeting," junior foreign minister, Delano Franklyn, told the Jamaica Observer. 2. RUSSIAN DUMA, MANY OTHERS, CALL FOR UN "UNITING FOR PEACE"
UNITED NATIONS
Diplomats told CNN that "members of the U.N.'s non-aligned nations - underdeveloped countries that make up more than two-thirds of the U.N. - had discussed calling an emergency session of the General Assembly under the 'Uniting for Peace' resolution."
RUSSIA
The State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, approved 226 to 101 a resolution calling on the Russian president to seek a UN General Assembly emergency session "due to the military action launched by the United States and Britain against Iraq." The same position is reportedly shared by the upper chamber. Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Federation Council Mikhail Margelov "said it is necessary to call urgently a session of the U.N. General Assembly." Head of the Defense and Security Committee Viktor Ozerov expressed anxiety for "an explosion in the Moslem world, and this will lead to stepped-up operations of international terrorists." First deputy chairman of the Industrial Policy Committee Sergaei Shatirov said the General Assembly should take into account the threat of a serious ecological disaster that "can affect land, air and water" connected with fires at oil deposits and wells which could affect the atmosphere in Russia.
MAYLASIA
Malaysia, current chairman of the 116-nation Non Aligned Movement, condemned a US-led attack on Iraq as "an illegal act of aggression." Acting Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi said that Malaysia, in its capacity of the Non-Aligned Movement chairman, "Will be consulting member countries of NAM on the appropriate course of action."
INDONESIA
Indonesian President Megawati Soekarnoputri called on the UN Security Council to hold an emergency meeting to urge the US and its allies to stop the war. "If that was not possible, the UN General Assembly should meet to discuss the issue, Mrs. Megawati said after a special cabinet meeting."
BRAZIL
Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has been "speaking to regional and international leaders - including U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan - about the possibility of summoning those world leaders opposed to war to a meeting of the General Assembly to discuss alternatives to armed conflict."
AUSTRALIA
Leader of the Democrats in the Australian parliament, Senator Andrew Bartlett, called on governments to use Resolution 377 (Uniting for Peace) to put war in Iraq before the UN General Assembly. "The assembly could mandate, for example, that the inspection regime be permitted to complete its inspections. An overwhelming vote against war by the nations of the world would increase the pressure on the United States, United Kingdom and Australia to reconsider."
PAKISTAN
At a seminar in Islamabad speakers including a former Air Force Chief and a former Secretary General of Foreign Affairs, the speakers advocated that "The matter should be taken to the UN General Assembly and war should be averted by gaining two-thirds majority in the Assembly."
VATICAN
Archbishop Renato Martino, head of the Vatican's justice and peace council and for 16 years Vatican representative to the UN, said that the UN General Assembly could hold an emergency session of all its members. "In that case, all the countries could talk and vote, and the entire international community would face its responsibilities."
BRITAIN
British peace organization CND said, "The authority of the UN has been destroyed. The CND calls upon the UN to restore its own credibility by using the resolution uniting for peace to call for a full general assembly of the UN and to question this war."
WOMEN
Thousands of women from women's organizations in over 35 countries demonstrated in New Delhi, demanding that "UN member states use their power to carry out the emergency application of resolution 377 to convene the UN General Assembly to stop the bombing and avoid catastrophe." Women from Syria, Russia, China, Germany, Sweden, France, Canada, and Turkey among others participated. GREENPEACE
The Greepeace flagship Rainbow Warrior blocked the U.S Navy vessel Cape Horn from delivering arms for the war against Iraq. "Greenpeace is calling on all members of the United Nations to prevent Spain, the U.K. and the U.S. from undermining the UN Charter by waging an illegal war on Iraq. Greenpeace said all 191 members of the UN General Assembly should use UN resolution 377, known as 'Uniting for Peace,' to call an emergency session." In Japan, Greenpeace Japan called on the government to promote the Uniting for Peace resolution. In Washington DC, Greenpeace demonstrators called for a "Uniting for Peace" resolution.