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”Multiple Intelligence Theory" 在1983 年由 Howard Gardner 提出。 極大的挑戰了人們傳統上認為對於智商的 認識。
Howard Gardner 的主要論點是人類的智商並非局限於語文數學邏輯思維這幾個方麵，而是主要分類為以下幾種。
不同的孩子有多種智能組合， 然後多種智商綜合分配和使用才能造就各種傑出人才。
1. Naturalist Intelligence (“Nature Smart”) （自然觀察智能）比如農民，園丁，獵人， 生物學家，海洋學家等等。
Designates the human ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or chef. It is also speculated that much of our consumer society exploits the naturalist intelligences, which can be mobilized in the discrimination among cars, sneakers, kinds of makeup, and the like.
2. Musical Intelligence (“Musical Smart”) 音樂智商（能）
Musical intelligence is the capacity to discern pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone. This intelligence enables us to recognize, create, reproduce, and reflect on music, as demonstrated by composers, conductors, musicians, vocalist, and sensitive listeners. Interestingly, there is often an affective connection between music and the emotions; and mathematical and musical intelligences may share common thinking processes. Young adults with this kind of intelligence are usually singing or drumming to themselves. They are usually quite aware of sounds others may miss.
3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (Number/Reasoning Smart) 數學邏輯智商（能）
Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to calculate, quantify, consider propositions and hypotheses, and carry out complete mathematical operations. It enables us to perceive relationships and connections and to use abstract, symbolic thought; sequential reasoning skills; and inductive and deductive thinking patterns. Logical intelligence is usually well developed in mathematicians, scientists, and detectives. Young adults with lots of logical intelligence are interested in patterns, categories, and relationships. They are drawn to arithmetic problems, strategy games and experiments.
4. Existential Intelligence 存在智商 （能）， 多見於宗教人士，哲學家等等
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die, and how did we get here.
5. Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart”) 人際關係智商（能）
Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. It involves effective verbal and nonverbal communication, the ability to note distinctions among others, sensitivity to the moods and temperaments of others, and the ability to entertain multiple perspectives. Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians all exhibit interpersonal intelligence. Young adults with this kind of intelligence are leaders among their peers, are good at communicating, and seem to understand others’ feelings and motives.
6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“Body Smart”) （身體協調和肢體動覺智商（能）， 如運動員。 有讀者質疑，難道搞體育運動還需要智商嗎？ 我認為身體協調能力和大腦的構造密切相關，當然算智商。 而且，一流的運動員，一流的的外科醫生都需要這方麵的能力。
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and craftspeople exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
7. Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart) 語言智商（能）
Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand the order and meaning of words and to apply meta-linguistic skills to reflect on our use of language. Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human competence and is evident in poets, novelists, journalists, and effective public speakers. Young adults with this kind of intelligence enjoy writing, reading, telling stories or doing crossword puzzles.
8. Intra-personal Intelligence (Self Smart”) 內省智商 （能），如心理學家， 高級管理人員）
Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself and one’s thoughts and feelings, and to use such knowledge in planning and directioning one’s life. Intra-personal intelligence involves not only an appreciation of the self, but also of the human condition. It is evident in psychologist, spiritual leaders, and philosophers. These young adults may be shy. They are very aware of their own feelings and are self-motivated.
9. Spatial Intelligence (“Picture Smart”) 空間智商（能）
Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and an active imagination. Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters, and architects all exhibit spatial intelligence. Young adults with this kind of intelligence may be fascinated with mazes or jigsaw puzzles, or spend free time drawing or daydreaming.
每一個孩子都是多種智商（能）的綜合體。 父母要做的就是幫助孩子了解自己，取長補短。
From: Overview of the Multiple Intelligences Theory. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and Thomas Armstrong.com
? 我覺得很多人都會對這幾條產生共鳴 -初雪- ♀ 給 初雪 發送悄悄話 初雪 的博客首頁 初雪 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:17:40
? Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart”) 就是指理解別人的能力。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:28:25
? 前來討教： -黃桷樹- ♀ 給 黃桷樹 發送悄悄話 黃桷樹 的個人群組 (1708 bytes) (124 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:10:06
? 你這算是比較高，然後不屑於 fit in？ 我家二娃對唱歌走調的人特別不耐煩。 你可能看到心理智商比較低的人也會不耐煩。 一家 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (16 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:37:41
? 知道您是在安慰俺，但這確實是俺社交巨大的障礙，謝謝您：） -黃桷樹- ♀ 給 黃桷樹 發送悄悄話 黃桷樹 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 13:02:31
? 很好的分享。寫筆記不難，經常寫就可以駕輕就熟了，沒有不會寫的隻有寫得不同風格的 -淋雨- ♀ 給 淋雨 發送悄悄話 淋雨 的博客首頁 淋雨 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:18:53
? 謝謝鼓勵。 我就怕寫出來太枯燥，太教條。 我的文字還是不活潑。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:29:32
? 誰規定讀書筆記一定要活潑？我覺得你寫得挺好。不要有心理負擔。 -秋月冬雪- ♀ 給 秋月冬雪 發送悄悄話 秋月冬雪 的博客首頁 秋月冬雪 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:35:34
? 謝謝鼓勵。 ： ） 心領了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:39:36
? 看過你說這些。所以說上天很公平， -CirrusCloud- ♀ 給 CirrusCloud 發送悄悄話 CirrusCloud 的博客首頁 CirrusCloud 的個人群組 (129 bytes) (89 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:20:28
? 綜合，根據時代的需要綜合起來就好了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:40:59
? 很好的思考。有一個得獎演員的感言是：感謝父母當年沒有遵醫囑給我治Hyperactive的藥。 -秋月冬雪- ♀ 給 秋月冬雪 發送悄悄話 秋月冬雪 的博客首頁 秋月冬雪 的個人群組 (93 bytes) (86 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:28:18
? 真的。 好多有獨特智商的孩子都被“正常” 這個教條給扼殺了。 伯樂很重要。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:47:28
? 謝謝好文，，， 有空寫寫普通孩子的吧， 這世上 普通孩子還是占多數。。 -liveinca- ♀ 給 liveinca 發送悄悄話 liveinca 的博客首頁 liveinca 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:44:26
? 我的瑜伽老師就是個例子吧。 很普通，但是天性得到充分發揮， 很獨特。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:48:26
? 語言高智商,空間弱智商的人飄過 -地肥水美- ♀ 給 地肥水美 發送悄悄話 地肥水美 的個人群組 (127 bytes) (101 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:52:52
? 心有戚戚焉。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:00:21
? 謝謝好文，父母確實難為，需要很多裝備啊。 -羽衣飛飛- ♀ 給 羽衣飛飛 發送悄悄話 羽衣飛飛 的博客首頁 羽衣飛飛 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:01:14
? 恩，很多裝備。 你也喜歡研究心理學是不是？ -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:06:31
? 智商好比視力。明察秋毫的視力並不一定全是好事，看到世界到處是細菌肮髒使人沮喪。 -ViBravo- ♂ 給 ViBravo 發送悄悄話 ViBravo 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:13:00
? 智商太高或太低， 沒辦法 fit in 也是問題。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:33:03
? 你們真擔心這些？哪有那麽多天才呢。 -monochrome- ♀ 給 monochrome 發送悄悄話 monochrome 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 14:05:29
? 我主要擔心我的普通娃能不能綜合自己有限的優勢，審時度勢。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 14:14:36
? 上次回帖沒能成功，這係列文章裏有一個翻譯誤區，“智商”應該翻譯成“智能” -olga87- ♀ 給 olga87 發送悄悄話 olga87 的個人群組 (420 bytes) (42 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 19:01:32
? 多謝指教。我有空會改過來。太謝謝了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 20:02:38
? 謝謝分享。好文。 -Youshijie- ♀ 給 Youshijie 發送悄悄話 Youshijie 的博客首頁 Youshijie 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/15/2014 postreply 21:46:33
? 我也讀了很多你的大作。 一並謝過。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 12:16:26
? Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory -Clair- ♀ 給 Clair 發送悄悄話 Clair 的博客首頁 Clair 的個人群組 (522 bytes) (10 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 08:25:05
? 咱兩個的理解有點相似。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 給 MaMaGaGa 發送悄悄話 MaMaGaGa 的博客首頁 MaMaGaGa 的個人群組 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 12:13:49