正文
1。公司關於401K的規定是“can take loans from your account and make in-service withdrawals upon indurring a financial hardship"是不是說我能從自己的退休帳戶裏提前借錢出來用來買房什麽的？ 是不是經濟困難時可以提請取不用交10%罰款？
You can take loan from your account for up to 50% of your account balance, or $50K, whichever is less. The interest rate will be comparable to market rate, and you need to repay the loan and interest to your own 401k account through payroll deduction, usually within 5-10 years. In case you are no longer with the company, your loan balance is due immediately, otherwise, the balance will be deemed as early withdrawal, which you have to pay income tax plus 10% penalty. Hardship withdrawal can be requested for up to the entire account balance, but you also need to pay income tax plus 10% penalty. The 10% penalty is waived only if you withdrawal after 59.5 of age, or upon death.
2。“account balance payable at retirement or termination of employment" 我不在這公司幹了就能拿到balance了？還是說到時可以讓我轉到自己的IRA賬戶裏？
Once you are terminated, you can rollover the 401k balance into a traditional IRA or your next job's 401k account, which has no tax consequence. If you simply withdraw, you still have to pay income tax plus 10% penalty.
3。“employees are eligible to make 401K tax-deferred and/or after tax Roth contributions" 好像都說Roth好，我是不是不用投401了？
Roth 401k is good if you anticipate your tax rate after age 59.5 will be higher than now. If you contribute to traditional 401k, your contribution portion of income is tax deferred until you withdraw. If you contribute to Roth 401k, you don't get any tax deferral benefit now, but the money grow tax-free, and there are less withdrawal restriction in Roth account. Also Roth 401K is better than Roth IRA, as Roth IRA has $5,000 limit per year, while Roth 401K is up to $16,500 per year.
4。“New employees will automatically be enrolled at a deferral rate of 3%. Employees may opt out or make deferral percentage changes at any time". 是說會自動扣我的工資的3%去投401K嗎？工資不高，每年稅後到手的錢再刨去日用花銷後能剩稅前工資的10%左右。我該怎麽調整這個百分比？
Yes, unless you decline in the enrollment form, your 3% salary will be put into 401K. It will be your personal decision how much to save. Most likely, you can change your contribution % any time online or by phone.
5。公司隻給工作兩年以上的人contribute。 我看大家都說401K縮水了，象我這種沒有match的人是不是不值得投錢進去？如果投的話，我是很怕風險的人，回報不高沒關係，要是錢會變少我寧可存銀行。投401K或Roth也能有辦法保證不縮水嗎？
I would suggest that everyone contribute at least the % that will get all company match. When there is no match, it is your personal choice again. One thing you need to really do some homework is how well is the 401K plan administered. If you are working for a small company where the plan is administered by the office manager or owner, and the trustee is not a well known financial institution, don't trust them. Throughout my audit career of employee benefit plans, I have seen lots of compliance problems with casually administered plans. you also need to study the investment options. If you are a conservative invester, just put all your contribution into fixed income funds or government bond funds, or even money market funds, it will be just as safe as CD. Investment risk is the same no matter where you invest, but you can minimize the risk by how you invest.
You can take loan from your account for up to 50% of your account balance, or $50K, whichever is less. The interest rate will be comparable to market rate, and you need to repay the loan and interest to your own 401k account through payroll deduction, usually within 5-10 years. In case you are no longer with the company, your loan balance is due immediately, otherwise, the balance will be deemed as early withdrawal, which you have to pay income tax plus 10% penalty. Hardship withdrawal can be requested for up to the entire account balance, but you also need to pay income tax plus 10% penalty. The 10% penalty is waived only if you withdrawal after 59.5 of age, or upon death.
2。“account balance payable at retirement or termination of employment" 我不在這公司幹了就能拿到balance了？還是說到時可以讓我轉到自己的IRA賬戶裏？
Once you are terminated, you can rollover the 401k balance into a traditional IRA or your next job's 401k account, which has no tax consequence. If you simply withdraw, you still have to pay income tax plus 10% penalty.
3。“employees are eligible to make 401K tax-deferred and/or after tax Roth contributions" 好像都說Roth好，我是不是不用投401了？
Roth 401k is good if you anticipate your tax rate after age 59.5 will be higher than now. If you contribute to traditional 401k, your contribution portion of income is tax deferred until you withdraw. If you contribute to Roth 401k, you don't get any tax deferral benefit now, but the money grow tax-free, and there are less withdrawal restriction in Roth account. Also Roth 401K is better than Roth IRA, as Roth IRA has $5,000 limit per year, while Roth 401K is up to $16,500 per year.
4。“New employees will automatically be enrolled at a deferral rate of 3%. Employees may opt out or make deferral percentage changes at any time". 是說會自動扣我的工資的3%去投401K嗎？工資不高，每年稅後到手的錢再刨去日用花銷後能剩稅前工資的10%左右。我該怎麽調整這個百分比？
Yes, unless you decline in the enrollment form, your 3% salary will be put into 401K. It will be your personal decision how much to save. Most likely, you can change your contribution % any time online or by phone.
5。公司隻給工作兩年以上的人contribute。 我看大家都說401K縮水了，象我這種沒有match的人是不是不值得投錢進去？如果投的話，我是很怕風險的人，回報不高沒關係，要是錢會變少我寧可存銀行。投401K或Roth也能有辦法保證不縮水嗎？
I would suggest that everyone contribute at least the % that will get all company match. When there is no match, it is your personal choice again. One thing you need to really do some homework is how well is the 401K plan administered. If you are working for a small company where the plan is administered by the office manager or owner, and the trustee is not a well known financial institution, don't trust them. Throughout my audit career of employee benefit plans, I have seen lots of compliance problems with casually administered plans. you also need to study the investment options. If you are a conservative invester, just put all your contribution into fixed income funds or government bond funds, or even money market funds, it will be just as safe as CD. Investment risk is the same no matter where you invest, but you can minimize the risk by how you invest.
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