關於瑞士在二戰中立國問題

[編輯] [引用]

這幾周在看一個紀錄片叫＂the world at war", 很真實詳細得地記載了二戰中的種種，但看起來特讓人難受。 一直有個問題，但沒看到過相關解釋，這瑞士怎麽就能成為中立國呢？ 哪位明白請告訴我下。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 垂楊柳 網上查的，不敢說正確： Why was Switzerland neutral during World War 2? Answer 1 Switzerland was neutral during WWII because it valued its freedom and was determined to fight to the last man to protect itself. It also had the advantage of being very costly to take over. An excellent book to read is Angelo M. Codevilla's Between the Alps and a Hard Place. 瑞士的地形不易占領。 Answer 2 I believe it was simply because they were allowed to stay neutral. It was clearly in the interests of both sides to have this arrangement. The Swiss were anything but courageous. Germany got everything it wanted without firing a shot. 讓瑞士保持中立對交戰雙方都有利。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 還是沒筆名: 這個問題有意思。 瑞士是中立國，應該還有更深一層的人文地理的原因 - 不是說貨幣天然不是金銀，但金銀天然就是貨幣嗎? :) 可惜我自己不知道這深一層的，瑞士天然是中立國的原因。誰知道，忽悠一把？ ：） 我隻知道瑞士在山頂上，剛好在德法意大利的交接，所以有德語法語意大利語區，好像還有一個別的小語種區。 我猜讓瑞士中立，是列強爭霸“動態平衡”的產物。其實這對大國，不管它是誰，最有利。因為大國畢竟是大國，總能在這個所謂中立地區為自己正確最大的便宜。 二戰中瑞士名義上中立，實際上為德國做了不少事情。 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- fpxjz: 我查了下，看起來有些道理，基本上象大家猜的，由於地理位置，它保持中立對德國更有利 No European country remained truly neutral during WWII. Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland all worked to some extent with the Axis. In Switzerland, the people who lived through the war wanted to believe that it was their army and fortifications that kept the Nazis out. Historical research and documents clearly show that if the Nazis wanted to invade Switzerland, it would have been quick and relatively easy. The reason Germany spared its tiny neighbor to the south was because Switzerland proved much more useful as an independent state than as a satellite. The Swiss made many useful weapon components (aluminium for the Luftwaffe, spark plugs for jeeps taken from the Russians, timing devices for bombs, among other things), and thus their factories were not bombed every night. The Swiss National bank bought gold from the Reichsbank, the Reichsbank was given Swiss francs in exchange, and used them to buy cobalt, nickel and tungsten from the other “neutral” countries. The Turks, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish, who were all under heavy pressure from the Allies not to accept direct gold payment from the Reichsbank, then exchanged the Swiss francs for gold. The problem was that the German gold came from the Belgian National bank reserves (not from concentration camps as some sensationalists would have it) and the neutrals knew it. Finally, the Swiss allowed trains to carry food and non-weapon supplies from Germany to Italy, with dozens of trains every day on their way to Africa. But did Switzerland have any other choice? Probably not. Totally surrounded by the Axis, most of its coal supply came from Germany every week, and all of its exports had to go through Axis controlled territory. For a landlocked country with no natural resources, this meant the Swiss had to work out some form of accomodation with their neighbors. The problem is that the postwar generations have been raised to believe that it was the Swiss army, and not the country’s usefulness to the Germans, that protected it from the wrath of war. The Swiss are now coming to terms with this part of their history, as for example the people of France and Japan have. As a foreigner, it is best to avoid passing judgment on them and giving lessons, at the risk of offending your hosts.