Lesson 14 Do you speak English?
【New words and expressions】（7）
amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的
experience n. 經曆
wave v. 招手
lift n. 搭便車
reply v. 回答
language n. 語言
journey n. 旅行
★amusing adj. 好笑的, 有趣的
The story is amusing. （好笑的）
amused adj. 感到好笑的（要笑出聲）
I am amused.
amuse v. 使發笑，使愉快
The story amused me.
funny adj. 好笑的（不一定要笑出聲可以指貶義），開心的，令人開心的
interesting / funny story
★experience n. 經曆（可數）；經驗（不可數）
① n. 經曆（可數）
He has a lot of experiences. （經曆，可數名詞）
② n. 經驗，體驗（不可數）
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job. （經驗，不可數名詞）
Does she have any experience in teaching?
③ vt. 經驗，體驗
Have you ever experienced anything like this?
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
experienced adj. 有經驗的，經驗豐富的
He is an experienced doctor.
★wave v. 招手
wave to sb. 向某人招手
★lift n. 搭便車
take a bus/taxi/lift 乘公共汽車/乘出租汽車/搭便車
B wants to take a lift. 某人想搭便車
I want to take a lift.
A give B a lift. 讓某人搭便車
The student gave me a lift.
thumb lift 拇指便車(向過路車輛豎起拇指表示要求免費搭車)
★reply v. 回答
reply與answer的區別：
① 作為不及物動詞是一樣的 :
He answered/replied.
② 作為及物動詞就不一樣了 :
answer sth.
answer the letter 回信
reply to sth.
I will reply to the letter. 回信
★language n. 語言
native language 母語
The native language is Chinese.
mother tongue 母語(口語中用)
My mother tongue is Chinese.
★journey n. 旅行
journey n. 所有的旅行，偏重於陸地旅行
go on a journey
2 hours' journey；3 days' journey(三天路程)
trip n. 短距離旅行或出差(時間或距離上較短)
go on a trip = go on business
travel n. 周遊（長途旅行）
tour n. 遊玩（為了玩）
tourist n. 遊客
voyage n. 旅行(海上)
flight n. 空中飛行
【Text】
I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
參考譯文
去年我有過一次有趣的經曆. 在離開法國南部的一個小村莊後, 我繼續駛往下一個城鎮. 途中, 一個青年人向我招手. 我把車停下, 他向我提出要求搭車. 他一上車, 我就用法語向他問早上好, 他也同樣用法語回答我. 除了個別幾個單詞外, 我根本不會法語. 旅途中我們誰也沒講話. 就要到達那個鎮時, 那青年突然開了口, 慢慢地說道 : “你會講英語嗎?”我很快了解到, 他自己就是個英國人!
【課文講解】
1、After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
after引導的從句如果一個是過去時，一個是過去完成時，那一定是從句用過去完成時；before引導的從句表示“在……之前”，主句發生在從句之前, 主句用過去完成時。
drive on 繼續開往（on加在動詞的後麵表示繼續）
My heart will go on 《我心永恒》
drive to 開車去某地
副詞on緊跟在動詞後麵時可以表示“向前”、“繼續下去”等意義：
He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了。
I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read.
我朋友來看我時我正在看書。他走了以後我便繼續看書。
表達方位的表達方式一共有3個介詞, in（在……裏麵）,on（接壤），to（沒有相接的, 是相離的）
A is to the east of B A在B的東方（A與B不相接）
A is on the east of B A在B的東方（A與B接壤）
A is in the east of B A在B的東方（A在B的裏麵）
2、On the way, a young man waved to me.
on the way 在路上, 在途中
wave to sb. 衝某人揮手
3、As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.
as soon as 一……就……，後麵一定要加一個句子(時間狀語從句), 強調兩個動作幾乎是連在一起的，“一” 後麵的先發生
As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once.
As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.
隻要是狀語從句, 一旦遇到將來時, 變為一般現在時
As soon as you arrive,you must call me. 你一到就打我電話
表示用某種語言作為交際手段時介詞用in，表示講某種語言時可以不加介詞。
I speak English. I say a word in Chinese.
That book is written in German.
reply 要想加賓語要加 to (+要回答的內容)，而in the same language 在句中作狀語, 不是replay所應回答的問題(賓語), 故用in
4、Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
apart from… 除……以外
not … at all 一點都不，表強調
I don't like it.
I don't like it at all.
5、I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?'
nearly 將要
when的翻譯要看當時的具體情況, 在這裏譯為“就在此時”
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.
Do you speak English? 你說英語嗎? 你是說英語國家的人嗎?（問的是一個事實，不是問會說英語嗎）
Do you swim? 你去遊泳嗎?
Can you swim? 你會遊泳嗎?
6、As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
I learn 我得知； I know 我知道(我本來就知道)
As+主語+動詞，從句 （As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt） 正如……
As we know,the New Concept English is very good. 正如我們所知……
As I think,it is the coldest day in the year.
As he said, English is easy to learn.
himself反身代詞單獨放在句尾, 起強調作用
I read English myself.
【Key structures】
過去完成時
過去完成時：由had+過去分詞構成，它表示過去某時或某動作發生之前已經完成的動作或情況，即“較早的過去”。過去完成時一定要以一個過去時態作鋪墊, 這個動作一定要發生在had done之後。
在用過去完成時態的句子中，常用連詞when，after，as soon as，until，by that time等。常與現在完成時連用的副詞如already，just，never，never…before也常與過去完成時連用，以強調事件發生的先後次序：
I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.
The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.
在那些用過去完成時的句子中沒有明確的時間狀語，但通過上下文可以看出動作發生的先後。
Exercises D (用正確的時態填空)
1 The moment he had said this, he ______ (regret) it.
the moment = as soon as 一……就……，後麵直接加從句
2 It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi.
before引導的從句用一般過去時, 主句用過去完成時
【Special Difficulties】
Ask與Ask For：
ask v. 問，詢問；請求，要求，邀請
ask a question/ask sb. 問（一個問題）/問某人
I asked (Mary) a question.
They asked Tony to sing a song.
They asked her to spend the weekend with them.
ask for 要，要求（某樣東西）
ask for the answer
I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.
You are always asking for help.
Except, Except for與Apart from
三者都表示“除……以外”，有時可以互換，但except不用於句首，except for和apart from則可以。
Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.
Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.
apart from習慣上喜歡放句首, apart from=except/besides
如果認為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外，還有這個人也做了（包括），是加號=besides；如果認為整體之中做這件事情的人除了整體之外，這個人沒有做（排除），是減號=except；如果放在句首，統一用apart from代替except/besides
All the passengers are millionaire except us. （減號）
I invited everyone except George. / Except for George I invited everyone.
Except for/apart from this, everything is in order.
except for含有對整體中的某一個方麵不滿意，except for 可以不放在句首, 強調整體當中某一方麵除外, 剩下的整體都不錯
The article is very good except for his handwriing.
Except for his height, he is very excellent.
Which of，Either of，Neigher of與Both of
上麵這些短語都可用於指兩個人或兩件事
either of 兩者當中的任何一個
neither of 兩者都不
which of 那一個
both of 兩者都
① 當詢問在兩個或更多的人或事物中偏愛哪一個或選擇哪一個時，可用which
I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?
② either與neither都是對兩個人或物而言（後接單數名詞）。either指one or the other（不是這個就是那個），either和neither後跟of時則指兩個事物中的每一個
either of sb. ……當中的任何一個
neither of sb. ……當中的任何一個都不（neither of [5naiTE, 5ni:TE]（注意英音與美音的讀音）兩者之間都不, 一旦出現, 這句話裏麵不會再出現not）
I don't like the book. My sister doesn't like it either.
Neither of us likes it. (注意要用單數)
Which bag shall I use?
Either of them. It doesn’t matter which. 哪個都行。用哪個都沒關係。
Neither of them. Use a suitcase. 哪個都不行。用個手提箱吧。
③ both隻指兩個人或物。當它用在名詞前時，of 可有可無；當用在代詞前麵時，其後必須加of
Both books/Both of the books are interesting.
Both of us/them left early.
④none of 三者或三者以上之間都不
Exercise
5 He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for).
either of（前麵有not, 故隻能選either of） , asked
【Multiple choice questions】
6 I speak a few words of French. I don't know ___b___ French.
a. many b. much c. plenty of d. a little
French不可數, 不能用many
plenty of 足夠多的；not…plenty of 不夠多
not much = a little 一些
not a little = much 很多
7 Neither of us spoke. We ___c___ .
a. neither spoke b. either spoke
c. both didn't speak d. neither didn't speak
neither不會和not連用；不能說we neither，隻能說neither of us
either 任何一個
both 兩者都
we both/ both of us 兩個都
11 He replied in French. He ___b___ the writer in French.
a. responed b. answered c. returne d. remarked
responded和replied用法一樣，replied後麵加賓語一定要加to，answer可以直接加賓語
9 The young man waved to the writer. He ___c___ him.
a. salute b. greeted c. signalled to d. nodded
salute v. 行軍禮, 軍人的問候
The soldier saluted his officer. 士兵的問候
greet v. 問候； signal v. 發出信號
10 He asked for a lift. He was a ___b___.
a. tramp b. hitch hiker c. passenge d. foreigner
tramp n. 流浪漢 ；hitch hiker 搭便車的人 ；passenger n. 乘客(指要付車錢的那種)
12 The writer had ___b___ reached the town when the young man spoke.
a.often b.almost c.sometimes d.just as
almost=nearly
just as+時間從句 正當……時候
