汪翔
隨便想想
美國男女薪酬相差最大的十座城市
這個月是美國的“婦女節”，作為對婦女權利和為爭取平等權利所取得成就的紀念節日。在節日裏，美國人好像沒有選擇給女性送鮮花，而是在合計，女性之所以很在乎男性給自己送鮮花，而自己支付能力“有限”的經濟原因：男女不同酬！
大家知道，美國女人相對於美國白人男人的地位平等權利的爭取鬥爭，由來已久，但是，她們不僅在選舉權，工作權等居多方麵的抗爭中，落後於美國第一大少數民族的黑人，而且，即使到了今天，在很多領域，婦女還是有被壓抑的感覺。
至今為止，美國還沒有出現一位女性總統，對於這個自稱世界最平等國度的美國，也應該是一大的尷尬現實吧。
從小學到高中，甚至是大學畢業，如果就學業成績來比較，女性不僅不輸給男性，甚至是讓男性汗顏好幾分，不得不自認不如。君不見，即使是在華裔社區，那些光亮的孩子裏麵，女孩子的比例依然大於男孩子。
從人數上看，美國很多大學的女性比例不僅不比男性低，有的甚至更高。
那麽，這樣一來就有一個讓人難以接受和解釋的問題了：在隨後的職場上，為什麽女性的薪酬就一直比男性低呢？而且還低不少？
有人說，那是因為：女性很多在達到一定程度之後就選擇退出了競爭，留在家庭相夫教子，讓她們的丈夫去為她們“報仇雪恨”；或者，即使留在職場的，很多人也會因為相夫教子的需要，而選擇有節製的“退卻”，以退為進，爭取更多的時間，為的是有精力來教育好自己下一代的孩子們。
還有的人說，那是因為，職場上的男人們拉幫結派，組成統一戰線，來“下作”地共同對付作為少數派的女性。
還有的說，是因為，女性對男性的特殊吸引力，讓很多有才華有潛力的女性，最終迷失了自己，結果，讓“得便宜還占乖”的“可惡”男人們給愚弄了。
還有的說，···。 就不再說了。
看了下麵的這些數據，你可別輕易的不開心。因為，實際結果可能不是那麽的壞。理由是，如果你仔細想來，女性所獲得薪酬的平均數，很可能掩蓋了很多數據背後的差異。所以，隻是憑借平均數來判斷，可能很難明白其中的真正差異所在。即使如此，看看這些統計意義上的數據，再結合自己身邊的微觀感受，你還是能夠悟出不少的道理來的。
The Worst-Paying Cities for Women
March 7, 2012
10. Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 72.6%
> Median income for men: $51,124
> Median income for women: $37,101
The city of Palm Bay’s largest employers include several manufacturers of durable goods — a sector notorious for being among the worst for paying women equal wages. Several jobs in the sector employ mostly men and very few women. According to the Department of Labor, only 1.5% of operating engineers and other construction equipment operators are women, one of the lowest rates among all occupations. Among the area’s largest employers in area in the durable goods sector are semiconductor producer Intersil, electronics manufacturer MC Assembly, defense technology company DRS Technologies, and the Melbourne-based communications equipment company Harris. The Palm Bay metropolitan area is completely out of step with the state of Florida, which has the lowest rate of pay inequality in the country.
9. Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 72.6%
> Median income for men: $53,608
> Median income for women: $38,890
Two sectors with some of the worst income gaps between men and women are also among the largest employers in the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton metropolitan area. In the health services and social assistance industry, women earn just 71.8% of what men do. In the nondurable — or consumable — goods sector, women earn 73.8% of what men earn on average. These disparities are significantly worse than the national average. Some of the largest employers in the area are health services companies Lehigh Valley Hospital and St. Luke’s Hospital, followed by chemical company Air Products & Chemicals and energy company PPL, according to the Lehigh Valley Association of REALTORS. The area is also home to a number of large food producers, which are included in the nondurable goods sector.
8. Boise City-Nampa, ID
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 72.4%
> Median income for men: $44,908
> Median income for women: $32,514
The Boise City-Nampa metropolitan area is well-known for its forest products industry. The metro is home to major employers such as Idaho Pacific Lumber Company, paper company Boise Cascade and Idaho Timber. Around the turn of the century, however, Boise’s technology sector became its largest industry. Companies such as Hewlett-Packard and Micron Technology are among the city of Boise’s largest employers. Women, on average, earn less than 75% of what men do in the durable goods sector, which includes tech products, and less than 74% in the nondurable goods sector, which includes forest products. By state, Idaho ranks 12th-worst for earnings inequality by gender.
7. Chattanooga, TN-GA
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 72.4%
> Median income for men: $45,273
> Median income for women: $32,753
Chattanooga is home to a particularly large manufacturing industry of both durable and nondurable goods — both among the worst for pay inequality. According to the city’s website, the largest manufacturing employers in the Chattanooga metropolitan area are McKee Foods Corporation, Synthetic Industries, and home appliance company Roper.
6. Colorado Springs, CO
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 72.1%
> Median income for men: $50,101
> Median income for women: $36,126
Colorado Springs’ economy is built on health care, the military, tourism, and the high-tech industry. The city’s two largest employers are Memorial Health System and Penrose-St. Francis Health Services. On average, women in the health care and social assistance sector are paid 71.8% of what men are paid. Among Colorado Springs’ other large employers are such durable goods companies as high-tech manufacturer Atmel, defense contractors Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin, as well as communications company Verizon Business, which operated in the information sector. While Colorado Springs does poorly, the state of Colorado does relatively well, ranking 13th highest among all states when it comes to equal pay.
5. Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 71.8%
> Median income for men: $70,605
> Median income for women: $50,714
The Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk metropolitan area is one of the wealthiest areas in the country, with a median household income of $74,831. The national average is $50,046. Disparity, however, affects the wealthy just as much and women in the area earn just 71.8% of what men do, on average. The area’s largest employment sector is health care, with Bridgeport Hospital and St. Vincent Medical Center the two largest employers in the city of Bridgeport. Although there are many more women than men in the health care and social assistance sector, men’s salaries are significantly higher. Bridgeport is also a major center for investment management companies. UBS employs 4,000 people in Stamford — the largest amount in the region. The finance sector is the absolute worst industry when it comes to income inequality between the genders.
4. Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 70.6%
> Median income for men: $46,648
> Median income for women: $32,926
According to the Augusta Convention & Visitors Bureau, the largest industries in Augusta are health care, the military and manufacturing. The top employers in the city are the nuclear reservation Savannah River Site, the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, and the Medical College of Georgia. Manufacturing and health care both sway heavily towards paying men more than women.
3. Toledo, OH
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 70.0%
> Median income for men: $49,739
> Median income for women: $34,817
Among the Toledo metropolitan area’s largest employers are ProMedica Health Services, Mercy Health Partners, and Chrysler Holdings, which built its Toledo Assembly Complex in the city. The city’s largest industries are manufacturing, health services, and education. These industries, as a whole, fail to provide women pay equality. In the Toledo metropolitan area, women earn 70% of what men do.
2. Ogden-Clearfield, UT
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 64.4%
> Median income for men: $51,766
> Median income for women: $33,331
The metropolitan statistical area of Ogden-Clearfield, UT, is the second-worst in the country for gender pay inequality. Government, education, and manufacturing are the metropolitan area’s largest industries. Public administration and manufacturing are both highly imbalanced sectors when it comes to gender pay equality. The city of Ogden’s largest employers are the Department of Treasury, Weber State University, automotive safety product manufacturer Autoliv, and McKay Dee Hospital. Utah, on the whole, performs poorly compared to other states with regards to equal pay, ranking third-worst in the country.
1. Baton Rouge, LA
> Women’s pay as pct. of men’s: 63.4%
> Median income for men: $51,103
> Median income for women: $32,385
On average, a full-time working woman doesn’t even earn two thirds of what her male counterpart earns in the Baton Rouge metropolitan area. According to the Baton Rouge Area Chamber, the city’s largest employers are industrial construction company Turner Industries, the Louisiana State University System, engineering, procurement, and construction conglomerate Shaw Group, and industrial contractor Performance Contractors. Although LSU is an outlier, the other companies paint a picture of an industrial-leaning economy, which operates primarily in construction and the manufacturing of durable goods — two sectors with some of the worst gaps in pay between men and women. The state of Louisiana also has the greatest pay disparity in the country, with women earning 67.2% of what men do in the entire state.
Ashley C. Allen, Charles B. Stockdale
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