DTC/OBD規程

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#OBD-II_diagnostic_connector  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs

12V車接頭座是SAE J1962 TypeA，常用規程有5種，Toyota在98開始用9141(10.4bps 8N1,12V,K Bidir,L for waken up only can be pulled up, obsolete)，之前是VPW。各規程分立元件接口電路：http://injector.fotocrimea.com/eklmn.html 下圖9141-up接口僅用OC將輸出提到12V，輸入直接電阻分壓給uP：

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-obd-ii  http://pinoutguide.com/CarElectronics/obd2_simple_cable_pinout.shtml  http://www.next.gr/circuits/Tech-Toy-Hacks-l21764.html  http://www.instructables.com/id/Hack-an-ELM327-Cable-to-make-an-Arduino-OBD2-Scann/  http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-OBD2-ELM327-I2C-LCD-HC05-Bluetooth/ http://www.instructables.com/id/Low-Cost-OBD2-Communications-on-K-line-ISO-9141-2-/ 

Arduino開發包：https://github.com/iwanders/OBD9141  lastguy/C1，含接口IC。ELM327源碼：http://www.electro-tech-online.com/threads/obdii-elmscan-source-code-for-the-elm327.146842/  以下限於ISO2141，豐田多用它但也有用CAN/KWP的。

1.handshake: ISO9141-2與ISO14230（KWP2000）共有三種，以ISO9141-2為例：

OBD發33(hex)@5bps然後設為10400bps，此時半工態故返回33；Car在20-300ms內響應55（此後雙方為10400bps），Car等5-20ms發08，等0-20ms再發08；在25-50ms內OBD發08，等0-20ms發08的反碼即F7；在25-50ms內Car發33的反碼即CC，初始化結束。

2.Determine PIDs supported(First data exchange): PID00，OBD發addr=68 6A F1，mode=01，data/PID=00，chksum(相加值)=C4；Car返回4bytes：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs#Mode_1_PID_00 

3. Vehicle speed: OBD發addr=68 6A F1 01 0D D1，Car返回1byte例如00.

4. Car返回限於12bytes。如果OBD接受的Car響應錯則應重發命令，Car自會糾錯。

在Torque Pro中自定義PID：https://www.fjcruiserforums.com/threads/torque-pids.158045/  https://priuschat.com/threads/gen2-prius-custom-pids-for-torque-android-app-with-formulas.95370/ https://www.toyotanation.com/threads/torque-pro-custom-pids.1645034/ https://www.siennachat.com/threads/monitor-transmission-oil-temperature-with-a-scangauge.1139/