明朝朱元璋後裔承認其為穆斯林的九大證據

明朝朱元璋後裔承認其為穆斯林的九大證據

英文的，內容和樓下貼文類似
不同之處，是作者是明朝皇族後裔

Ming dynasty is MUSLIM!!!

Many people question the identity of the first Ming emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang or Hongwu Emperor. Some claim that he was a Muslim of Semitic (Semu) origin.

Yusuf Chang, a Chinese Muslim from Taiwan, was one of those who made this claim. He claimed that his ancestor had married a Ming princess and thus he was a descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang and knows the secrets of the Islamic religion of the Ming royal family.

He presented many startling evidences to support his claim. They are:

1. When Zhu Yuanzhang was young, his family perished in a famine and he buried them by wrapping them in white clothes. Wrapping the dead in white cloth is a Muslim custom.

2. Zhu Yuanzhang's closest associates were Muslims. Thus, the Ming dynasty was founded by Muslims.

3. Zhu Yuanzhang passed a strict law forbidding 'wine'. Once he had the son of his close associate killed for breaking the law. 'Wine' is strictly forbidden in Islam.

4. Empress Ma (Zhu's consort) was a Muslim. She had personally cook all the meals for Zhu, even after he had become the Emperor.

5. The royal colour of the Ming dynasty was green, the colour which symbolizes Islam.

6. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the building of a mosque in Nanjing after he ascended the throne and he personally wrote a poem praising Islam and the Prophet Muhammad. This poem is seen by Muslims as the 'syahada' the testimony of Zhu's faith in Islam.

7. Many Muslims rose to high ranks during the Ming dynasty. One good example was Admiral Zheng He. Admiral Zheng He's fleet sailed to Mecca, Arabia and performed the 'haj'. Yusuf Chang claims that Zheng He was sent by the Ming emperor to perform the 'haj' on his behalf because the emperor was not able to do so as he wanted to keep his religion a secret among the non-Muslim masses. This practice is allowed in Islam.

8. The Ming dynasty established good ties with many Muslim countries. This is because the Ming dynasty is MUSLIM and the religion of the Ming royal family is ISLAM.

9 The Islamic Calendar was made the official calendar during the Ming dynasty.

It seems there many evidences to prove the claim that the Ming dynasty is Muslim. Are there as many to disprove the claim?




Chinese Ming Dynasty & Islamic Influences
Guo Zhongli

CHINESE MING DYNASTY & ISLAMIC INFLUENCES

1368-1644 AD - The period of the Chinese Ming dynasty which brought to fore Islam’s heights in Celestial China under the aegis of her archetypical emperor- Chu Yuan-chang (better known as Hung Wu) who traced his Muslim roots to Madeenah in Saudia.

1372 AD - A Tausug mission was sent to Imperial China that, up to this time, had only received sovereign states; Jolo would send more missions in the years following.

- Sabah Journal reported a Ming envoy, Prince Sahib ul-Kahar Ong Sum-ping to have sailed through the Sulu Archipelago to Kinabatangan in North Borneo and established a permanent Chinese foothold in that vast uninhabited island.

1380 AD - Arab judge-cum-scholar, Sheikh Karim ul-Makdum (Arabic for Afather@), arrived in Sulu from Melaka; He built the first mosque at Tubig Indangan in Simunul Sulu and advanced Islamic teaching to neighboring islands but died at Tandu Banak in Sibutu Sulu without ever returning home.

1386 AD - Admiral Cheng Chi-lung was installed as chief of the the Eastern hemisphere; his son Kuo Hsing-yeh (Koxinga to the Europeans) was better known in tactics and strategy is today revered as national hero in China.

1390 AD - Srivijayan Raja Baguinda, a minor ruler of Minangkabau, arrived in Sulu from Swarna Dwipa and founded the town of Bwansa in Jolo Island; His other compatriots, fleeing incoming Majapahit warriors, settled in Negri Sembilan (a state in present-day Malaysia).

1400-1440 AD – China reportedly sent naval expeditions to the coastal towns of present-day Philippines for forty years to familiarize with Moro piratical activities plying the south China Sea even engaging in desultory conflicts with Japanese corsairs.

1402 AD - Temasek ruler Parameswara, again running from invading Majapahit warriors, moved north to Muar and founded a Melaka settlement; He also embraced Islam on marrying a princess from Samudara Pasai and named himself Sultan Iskandar Shah of the Sultanate of Melaka to honor his ancestor Raja Iskandar Zulkarnain (the Macedonian greatman Alexander the Great).

- Melakan Sultan Shah sent a mission to Imperial China in 1405 for which admiral Chengho returned the courtesy in 1409; Shah himself went to China in 1411 AD - with a retinue of four-hundred-fifty confederates accompanied by Chengho himself.

- Melakan Sultan Shah’s home government reforms included specifying the functions of civil service offices like bendahara" (prime minister), temenggong laksamana" (admiral) and "shabandar" (harbor master) and adopted the custom of having ceremonial "white-and-yellow" umbrellas for royalties; He also laid the foundation of present-day Malay court procedures.

1403 AD - Melakan Sultan Shah was visited by a Chinese envoy Yin Ching, and admiral Chengho who arranged for his 1411 China visit; For this effort, Chengho was revered by the locals as the Venerated Sam-po Kong and built for him a baronial temple in Melaka.

1405-1433 AD - Ming emperor Yung Lo sent for seven naval expeditions from his Yangtze estuary to comb the shores of the Eastern Hemisphere employing 27,800 military crew in 1,180 Asampans@ and commanded by Muslim admiral Chengho; Chengho died in 1433 in Calicut (present-day Calcutta). According to Nichol, about the same period, another Chinese envoy was sent to Sulu corollary to this colossal plan of emperor Yung Lo.

1406 AD - Brunei Sultan Ahmad (a.k.a. Pateh Berbai) sent an envoy to Imperial China which occasion inspired him to change his north Bornean settlement to Brunei from a Sanskrit word Abarunai.

1408 AD - Chinese admiral Pei Pei Hsein, who was originally in the expeditionary fleet of Sam-po Kong that earlier visited Melakan Sultan Shah, was forced to land in Jolo because of monsoon rains and settled for sometime in Maubuh beach where he built a deep-well artesian as a gesture of gratitude for local hospitality.

- Early Jolo Chinese settlers revered him on his death as Poon-tao Kong, Athe Celestial,@ and interred his immortal remains at Jati Tunggal in Indanan Sulu where a memorial tombstone stands today.

- Islam widely spread to the North Borneo island in the Darvel Bay area.

1417 AD - Sulu Eastern Nakura Paduka Batara, together with Western Nakura Maharajah Gemding and Northern Nakura Paduka Balabu, including three-hundred-thirty-four Tausug nobles, visited Dezhou town in Shandong China on invitation of the Ming emperor Yung Lo.

- Nakura Paduka Batara of the northern kingdom, however, fell ill in Dezhou and died, necessitating Emperor Yung Lo to order his ministers to honor the distinguished guest with a funeral befitting a visiting king.

- Other tribute bearing missions were sent between 1420-1454 but contacts abruptly ended in 1473 when the Brunei leaders started to control the foreign policy of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu which is now under their governance.

1433 AD - A Seven-Datu-Council codified the Code of Kalantiaw (by Kalantiaw) and the Maragtas Code (by Sumakwel) for the people of Panay Island; Three Adatus from the original ten who came to Panay left for Batangas and Mindoro; Datu Putih was one of them but eventually returned to North Borneo from where no trace of him was found.

圖片是接近真實的馬皇後和朱元璋

朱元璋“醜陋”的畫像恰恰繪製於明朝，如果朱元璋本身長相“順眼”，而被人故意刻畫“醜陋”的話，畫師在明朝肯定是死無葬身之地。因此“醜陋”的那張肯定是真實的。

至於“醜陋”是否是真的醜陋，那就另當別論了。我認為這並不是醜陋，而是比較標準的蒙古人後裔的長相。朱元璋是具有蒙古血統的穆斯林?

正方觀點：

       認為朱元璋是回族人的學者，主要有三個方麵的原因。

1. 朱元璋皇子王妃墓出土的陪葬品

陳梧桐先生認為，目前一些認定朱元璋是回族的論說都是站不住腳的。

第一，有人認為朱元璋相貌像是回族。據了解，流傳至今的朱元璋畫像有多種不同的版本，這些畫像大體上可以分為兩種。一種是相貌端正，和藹慈祥，那是經過藝術加工的皇家標準像，與真實的相貌並不相符。另一種比較接近真實的畫像，則迥異於一般的漢人。不過，依據相貌特點來確定族屬，有失草率。陳先生說：“古今中外，任何民族都有長相奇特的人，誰又能說出哪種相貌肯定是哪個民族的人呢！”

第二，有人提出，朱元璋的原配夫人馬皇後姓馬，馬姓是回族的姓，與回女結婚也就成了回民。陳先生認為，僅憑一個馬姓是無法判定馬皇後是回民的，因為漢族也有馬姓，而且其曆史遠比回族的馬姓更為久遠，漢代漢族的馬姓之中就已湧現出馬援、馬融等著名的曆史人物了。

第三，有人列舉，朱元璋後世子孫是回族的一些“論據”，認為可以作為朱元璋是回族的旁證。比如有人說，建文帝（朱元璋孫子，明朝第二代皇帝）在燕軍攻入南京後出走，是赴天方（麥加）伊斯蘭教聖地朝覲，這可以表明他是回族。然而，建文帝南京城破之時，究竟是死於宮中大火，還是逃亡在外，是樁曆史疑案，至今未有定論。

一、關於明太祖朱元璋的族屬考辨持朱元璋為漢族觀點的學者和持朱元璋為回族觀點的學者，都分別依據一定的資料和分析推論；然而，後者所依據的資料比較有說服力，較合乎情理。現把兩種觀點所依據的資料分別綜合、概括如下：

1．主張朱元璋為漢族說的學者依據明正史的正統觀點，認為朱元璋是漢民族的英雄，其理由是：

①朱元璋在起義前曾在皇覺寺當過“和尚”。《明史》卷一載：“太祖孤無所依，乃入皇覺寺為僧。”

②朱元璋漢族觀念極深，起義初，以種族革命一“驅逐胡虜，恢複中華”號召天下，目的是推翻元蒙，恢複漢族江山。因元代漢族備受壓迫，握有權勢者首為蒙古人，次為色目人。因此，明太祖疾恨蒙古人、色目人等外族，並采取種種壓抑措施。

③明太祖吳元年(1367年)諭檄北中國曰：“自古帝王臨禦天下，中國居內，以割夷狄；夷狄居外，以奉中國。未聞以夷狄居中國治天下者也……古雲：胡虜無百年之運，驗之今日，信乎不謬。當此之時，天運循環，中原氣盛億兆之中，當降生聖人，驅逐胡虜，恢複中華，立綱陳紀，救濟斯民。”(《皇明通紀》卷二)。“明太祖的漢族觀念從中可見一般。”

④明太祖壓抑來華的西域穆斯林蒲壽庚後裔。蒲壽庚在宋時任泉州提舉市舶，蒙古軍南下時，蒲降元。明太祖對蒲壽庚的叛宋降元極為不滿，對於蒲後裔頗為壓抑。《閩書》載：“皇朝太祖禁蒲姓者不得讀書入仕。”《宋元通鑒》載：“我太祖皇帝禁泉州蒲壽庚、孫勝夫之子不得齒於士，蓋治其先世導元傾宋之罪，故禁夷之也。”《日知錄》載：“明太祖有天下，治宋末蒲壽庚、黃萬石子孫不得仕宦。”

⑤明太祖禁止蒙古人、色目人自相嫁娶，而迫使他們與中國人(漢人)通婚，是歧視、同化包括回回在內的外族。《明律》卷六載：“凡蒙古人、色目人，聽與中國人(漢人)為婚姻，不許本類自相嫁娶。違者杖八十，男女入官為奴。”

2．主張朱元璋為回回說的學者認為，朱元璋要在漢族占絕大多數的中國建立帝業，如不依靠漢族，就很難來維持當時的局麵。

元末明初的回回與唐宋、元初有所不同。這時的回回，除保持伊斯蘭教基本信仰外，已吸收了漢族的不少傳統文化，接受了漢語、漢姓；在服飾、生活習慣上與漢族略有不同，已開始中國化了，而且，朱元璋的主要革命目標是推翻蒙古人的統治。因此，他的口號“驅逐胡虜，恢複中華”及“凡蒙古人、色目人，聽與中國人為婚姻”的提法與他的身份並不矛盾，是符合情況的。

關於朱元璋在起義前入皇覺寺為僧，乃是在清真寺念經做“海裏凡”(這個問題待後詳敘。)

關於明太祖壓抑蒲壽庚後裔，其因是蒲氏的叛宋降元，這是出於政治的分歧，並非因為蒲氏是穆斯林。曆史上和現今，由於政治觀點不同，同室操戈者大有人在。

關於明太祖禁止蒙古人、色目人自相嫁娶，聽與中國人(漢人)為婚姻一事，馬明道先生認為：從表麵看，此禁令意在同化回族、蒙古族，實則回化漢族。明太祖是十分了解伊斯蘭教法的，知道伊斯蘭教禁止穆斯林與非穆斯林通婚，除非改奉伊斯蘭教，而蒙古人並無這種嚴格的規定。明太祖提倡回漢通婚，其深層用意在於擴大回族人數，發展伊斯蘭教。

明王室為回回家族的依據，可從以下幾個方麵來考證：

①從朱元璋的出身和出生地考證明太祖洪武帝姓朱，名元璋，字國瑞，原名興宗，生於安徽鳳陽縣，古稱濠州，其周圍各縣，如定遠、壽縣、懷遠、臨淮等為曆史上回回聚居區。父名朱世珍，母陳氏，生兄弟四人，元璋排行第四，長兄興隆，次兄興盛，三兄興祖，全家務農，地僅數畝，頗貧寒。鳳陽城為一南北長、東西窄的長方形小城，西門直對東門，兩門之間為一長街，將風陽城分為南北兩部分，稱南城與北城，北城居民幾乎全部都是漢民；而南城居民全部為回民，其中絕大多數姓朱，有清真寺一所，位於南城中央偏西。朱元璋生於南城朱姓群內，按常理推，朱元璋應為回回。1935年，馬明道先生隨其兄馬宏道先生(1899一1968)到鳳陽考察訪問，當時所見所聞和當地回民父老所說與上述情況相符。

②從朱元璋葬親儀式考證《明史》載：“至正四年(1344年)旱蝗，大饑疫，太祖時年十七，父母兄相繼歿，貧不克葬，裏人劉繼祖與之地，乃克葬，即鳳陽陵也。”但《明史》並未說明是如何克葬的。史學家黎東方博士所著《細說明朝》記載：“他是貧農家庭的安分守己的子弟，在他十七歲的一年，元順帝至正四年(1344年)旱災，蝗蟲與瘟疫先後降臨到他的家鄉，濠州鍾離縣(安徽鳳陽)，父親朱世珍，母親陳氏，大哥朱興隆，在幾天內相繼去世，家裏的現款極少，買不起三口棺材，更買不起墳地，幸虧有鄰居劉家心好，準他和二哥朱興盛把父母和大哥三人的屍首用白布裹起，埋在劉家墳地的一個角落。”

按漢族的傳統習慣，富戶人家所用棺材一般以杉木製成；中等家庭則使用普通木材製成；貧戶人家庭則使用薄皮棺材；赤貧者則使用蘆葦包卷，抬往曠野埋葬。朱氏一家如是漢族，為何一反漢族的傳統習慣而改用白布呢?況且白布的價格比薄板、蘆葦昂貴，朱氏一家屬赤貧，為何舍棄廉價之物不買而去買昂貴的白布呢?

伊斯蘭教規定穆斯林亡者須穿“克凡”(白布殮衣)後土葬。由此可以推斷朱家並非窮得買不起最簡單的棺材才用白布，而是按伊斯蘭教的規定處理喪事。

⑧從朱元璋出家當“和尚”說起《明史》卷一載：“…太祖孤無所依，乃入皇覺寺為僧。”《細說明朝》曰：“…就這樣，從陰曆四月挨到九月，九月裏他進了皇覺寺，受戒當和尚。”

根據回民世代相傳，所謂明太祖在起義前曾到皇覺寺出家為僧的說法與史實不符，皇覺寺原是一座清真寺，出家為僧乃是在清真寺裏做“海裏凡”(經堂學生，西北地區稱“滿拉”)，皇覺寺這一名稱則是朱元璋登基稱帝後所賜的名稱，意為皇帝在此寺中覺醒。皇覺寺位於鳳陽城西門外，是一座坐西向東的寺院。根據中國傳統，凡儒、佛、道教的寺廟、觀均坐北向南，而中國的清真寺一律坐西朝東，因為中國穆斯林做禮拜時，須朝向位於中國西方的麥加天房，皇覺寺正好坐西朝東，且其建築形式與我國清真寺建築形式雷同，這不可能是偶然的。皇覺寺的方向和建築形式就是回民父老傳說正確的佐證。

佛教自中世紀盛行於中國，故中國漢族知識階級和史學家對佛教比較熟悉，或他們自己就是佛教徒，而對伊斯蘭教比較陌生，他們有意無意地用佛教的術語描寫伊斯蘭教，如把清真寺寫成“寺廟”，把宣禮塔寫成“佛樓”，把阿訇、“滿拉”寫成“僧”、“和尚”等。到了近代，西方基督教傳入中國，中國的漢族知識界又對基督教熟悉了，於是他們又開始用基督教的術語描寫伊斯蘭教了，如把清真寺寫成“教堂”，把禮拜寫成“禱告”，把阿訇、伊瑪姆寫成“神父”、“牧師”或神職人員，把朝覲寫成“朝聖”等等。回族雖說漢語，但不重視學習漢語，漢文化水平遠遠不如漢族，知識分子稀有，所以用漢文闡述伊斯蘭教的著作極少，史學家和用漢文介紹外國宗教或翻譯外語著作的學者均為漢族，他們對伊斯蘭教缺乏全麵、正確的了解，這是中國史藉和介紹宗教的著作中往往把伊斯蘭教與佛教；伊斯蘭教與基督教混為一談的主要原因。

沒有人隻憑相貌就說其為色目人，

鄙視陳梧桐把別人觀點歪曲，再裝出一副勝利者的德性

//第二，有人提出，朱元璋的原配夫人馬皇後姓馬，馬姓是回族的姓，與回女結婚也就成了回民。陳先生認為，僅憑一個馬姓是無法判定馬皇後是回民的，因為漢族也有馬姓，而且其曆史遠比回族的馬姓更為久遠，漢代漢族的馬姓之中就已湧現出馬援、馬融等著名的曆史人物了。 //馬皇後是回民，已有定論，這個陳梧桐也否認?
不過，遮遮掩掩，欲蓋禰張

//第三，有人列舉，朱元璋後世子孫是回族的一些“論據”，認為可以作為朱元璋是回族的旁證。比如有人說，建文帝（朱元璋孫子，明朝第二代皇帝）在燕軍攻入南京後出走，是赴天方（麥加）伊斯蘭教聖地朝覲，這可以表明他是回族。然而，建文帝南京城破之時，究竟是死於宮中大火，還是逃亡在外，是樁曆史疑案，至今未有定論。 //

這隻是眾多證據中的一個，可以說是最弱的證據，如同第一個“相貌”類似
陳梧桐怎麽不說“中外兩本專著”出版呢？為什麽書的名字他也不敢提一下？