如何看待上市公司的花賬和分析師
(2006-10-05 20:54:17)
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如何看待上市公司的花賬和分析師
上市公司的花賬
1)財務報表裏,上一年和上一季度的數字是板上釘釘的。審計(audit)查的是這一部分。
2)對過去一年或過去一季度的財務解釋,是自由的。愛怎麽說就可以怎麽說,審計管不了。
3)對下一季度的展望(forward looking or ESP outlook)也是自由的,愛怎麽說就可以怎麽說,審計不但管不了,上市公司還可以隨便隨時改。
4)財務報表裏,任何東西包括關鍵的東西如EPS可在第二天修正。修正後,沒有任何人會有法律責任。這可以被用來打時間差。
5)財務報表裏,板上釘釘的數字算法是有學問的。比如,有些訂單還沒發貨就列為revenue,而訂單是可取消的。有些訂單已發貨但不列為revenue,因為買家要在下一個季度付賬。這些都是可以negotiate的。所以,財務數字是很有合法彈性的。
6)花賬分兩種。一般談論花賬,都是把報表朝好了做,無需多言。另一種,對中小盤股,主力吸籌時,上市公司會出現故意把報表朝壞了做的現象。但一般沒人因此損失了大錢,所以沒人重視。這種情況出現時,報表非常壞(forward outlooking也壞),但股價不跌反而小漲,繼續盤跌。
比如,CSCO曆個quarter的報表,要麽beat要麽miss,都是一分錢。
小公司如ADSX每個季度都隻賠一分錢。
AMZN pro forma前兩年每個贏利季度都贏利5分。間或一個虧損季度一虧就是好幾毛,就是利用收支的時間差。AMZN的進貨可在90天後付賬with the option to pay earlier.
point是作為散戶玩長期投資太懸了。基本麵不是我們玩的。
分析師貓膩也很多,要不為啥過了兩三年還要restate the statement.
老美的玩意就是好,明明是糾正花賬,他說是restate the statement,還有restate the statement the second time不說restate the statement again.
明明是花賬算法算賬,他說是creative accounting。真是濫用creative.
明明報表很好,分析師說miss the expectation.
明明報表很壞,分析師說beat the expectation.
分析師與市場主力是穿同一條褲子的。
According to the experience of a trader, if a stock already jumped a lot such as goog traded above 400 in Janauary, those analysts upgraded 5 times in 7 trading days this year, usually a stock is near a top. On the other hand, when a stock dropped 3 big waves such as sfcc in last Decenber, analyst still downgraded and it reached 12.8. usually it is a big bottom. after 4 weeks, GS clamed they bot 12.7% sfcc. sometimes they play complicated game. for example, gs want to buy a stock, mer downgraded it. next time mer wnat to buy, leh downgrade...leh want to buy, gs downgrade the dirtiest place in the world is wall street upgrade after a stock already up a lot, gererally speeking, it means some of the big holders want to sell. opposite in downgrade.