【衝浪英語】涉及法律的幾個單詞

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今天，因緣濟會，咱們來瞧瞧幾個涉及法律的單詞：trespass,solicit,和solicitor。單詞達人多半是見過這些單詞的，不過，恐怕也有意外，請一並留下來瞧瞧吧。

先看trespass。這個單詞，咱隻在各種地產上插著的牌子上見過：No trespassing，往往加上另外幾個詞組，如Private property啥的，瞧那陣勢，多半是“不得擅入”，“非請勿入”。果然，根據Wiktionary，
trespass
Verb
1.(intransitive, now rare) To commit an offence; to sin.
2.(transitive, obsolete) To offend against, to wrong (someone).
3.(law) To enter someone else's property illegally.

trespass
Noun
1.sin
2.(law) Any of various torts involving interference to another's enjoyment of his property, especially the act of being present on another's land without lawful excuse.

原來，除了擅闖這個詞義之外，trespass還有冒犯、罪等意思，大致有些聯係。

再看solicit。這個詞，經常作為No soliciting這個詞組，出現在地產牌子上No trespassing旁邊或者下麵,看樣子，估計是“不許上門推銷”之類的意思。在亞馬迅上，有人賣一種牌子，上麵就寫著：
No Soliciting
We love our vacuum
We found God
And we gave at the office
估計，這裏提到的是上門推銷的前三名。不妨仍舊查查字典。果然，Wiktionary說：

solicit
Verb
1.To persistently endeavor to obtain an object, or bring about an event.
2.To woo; to court.
3.To persuade or incite one to commit some act, especially illegal or sexual behavior.
4.To offer to perform sexual activity, especially when for a payment.
5.To make a petition.
6.(archaic) To disturb or trouble; to harass.

看來，No soliciting裏麵用的是第一個意思。第二、三、四個意思，詞義從追求一直轉到提供性交易，讓咱覺得這個詞知道就算了，不用也罷，也太容易引起誤會了:) 第六個詞義，隱隱和第一個有點相關，不過，既已作古，咱就不多追究了。倒是第五個意思，正大光明，咱在這裏埋個伏筆。

最後，咱們來瞧瞧solicitor這個詞。詞匯達人要說了：這不就是實施solicit這個動作的人嗎？有什麽好瞧的？其實，咱原本也是這麽想的，直到前兩天，咱在網上看到如下新聞【注一】：

Robert H. Bork, a former solicitor general, federal judge and conservative legal theorist whose 1987 nomination to the United States Supreme Court was rejected by the Senate in a historic political battle whose impact is still being felt, died on Wednesday in Arlington, Va. He was 85.

什麽？居然還有solicitor general這麽個職位？貌似還是個正當的職位？暈了的咱隻好繼續求助於Wiktionary:

solicitor
Noun
1.In many common law jurisdictions, a type of lawyer whose traditional role is to offer legal services to clients apart from acting as their advocate in court. A solicitor instructs a barrister to act as an advocate for their client in court, although rights of audience for solicitors vary according to jurisdiction.
2.In English Canada and in parts of Australia, a type of lawyer who historically held the same role as above, but whose role has in modern times been merged with that of a barrister.
3.In parts of the U.S., the chief legal officer of a city, town or other jurisdiction.
4.(North America) A person soliciting sales, especially door to door.

原來，solicitor這個詞先有特定的一種律師或司法官員，然後才是實施solicit這個動作的人。有點意外吧？說老實話，如果不是有這麽個意外，咱也懶得整這一篇了。聯係上文，solicitor特定的一種律師或司法官員這一詞義可能和前麵solicit的第五個詞義有關係。請詞匯達人不吝賜教哈。

小結一下，看見了no trespassing或者no soliciting這些標識呢，咱這些守法公民自然就不會去故意違反啦。要是有人請你去做solicitor呢，則一定要問清楚，合法的話可以考慮，聽說收入不菲，比咱不論衝浪、還是潛水都要高不少哈。好了，閑話少說，大節當前，咱shopping去也！

衝·潛
2012.12.22

【注一】新聞標題及鏈接見下：
"A Conservative Whose Supreme Court Bid Set the Senate Afire"
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/us/robert-h-bork-conservative-jurist-dies-at-85.html?_r=1&

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