位置，誰更占據上風，才能客觀預測未來大致可能發生什麽以及我們該如何應對。不用因為自己站在某一邊就justify，昨天和女兒討論這一現象，女兒脫口而出心理學上有一個詞叫“Cognitive Dissonance ", 查了一下，她非常準確地概括了這一現象：
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How Cognitive Dissonance Works
- Inconsistency Creates Discomfort:The mind naturally seeks consistency between one's thoughts and actions. When there's a clash, like a person who believes smoking is harmful but continues to smoke, it creates a state of psychological discomfort or tension.
- Motivation to Reduce Dissonance:To alleviate this discomfort, people are motivated to resolve the inconsistency.
- Methods of Resolution:Individuals may use several strategies:
- Change their behavior: A smoker might reduce smoking to align with their belief.
- Change their beliefs: They might downplay the risks of smoking.
- Add new cognitions (rationalize): They might add a belief, such as, "I exercise a lot, so it doesn't matter".
- Trivialize the inconsistency: They might decide the conflicting information isn't important.
- Deny or avoid contradictory information: They might ignore news about the dangers of smoking.
- Smoking:A person who smokes but believes smoking is dangerous experiences dissonance, which may be resolved by quitting, rationalizing their habits, or ignoring the health risks.
- Ethical Dilemmas:An individual who values honesty but tells a lie might feel guilt (a manifestation of dissonance) and then minimize the lie's importance or blame others to restore their self-image as an ethical person, as noted by YouTube.
- Consumer Behavior:Someone who buys an expensive product they don't really need might later rationalize the purchase by emphasizing its positive qualities to justify the expenditure.
