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Total Shareholder Return (TSR) and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) are financial metrics used to evaluate the performance of investments, particularly in the context of stocks or securities.

- **Total Shareholder Return (TSR):** TSR represents the total return an investor receives from holding a particular investment over a specific period. It includes both capital gains (or losses) and any dividends or other distributions received during that time. It gives a comprehensive view of the overall return on an investment.

- **Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):** CAGR is a measure of the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over a specified time period. It smoothens out the fluctuations in an investment's value, providing a single, consistent rate of growth over time.

In summary, while TSR reflects the overall return from holding an investment, CAGR provides a standardized annual growth rate, making it easier to compare the performance of different investments over various time frames.

- **Total Shareholder Return (TSR) Formula:**
TSR = ending adj price/start adj price 減1，此即為前文所述總收益率

- **Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Formula:**
CAGR = (ending adj price/start adj pric)的n分之一次方減1

These formulas provide a way to calculate TSR and CAGR based on the relevant parameters like stock prices, dividends, beginning and ending values, and the number of years.