實用英語:英語寫作絕招 來源: OCAD

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實用英語:英語寫作絕招 來源:[美語世界] OCAD
http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=mysj_best&MsgID=39

開頭萬能公式:

  1. 開頭萬能公式一:名人名言

  有人問了,“我沒有記住名言,怎麽辦?尤其是英語名言?”,很好辦:編!

  原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創造出來的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽起來很有道理!而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢!對吧?

  經典句型:

  A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用於已記住的名言)

  It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用於自編名言)

  更多經典句型:

  As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

  2. 開頭萬能公式二:數字統計

  原理:要想更有說服力,就應該用實際的數字來說明。

  不妨試用下麵的句型:

  According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 



  更多句型:

  A recent statistics shows that …

  

  結尾萬能公式:

  1. 結尾萬能公式一:如此結論

  說完了,畢竟要歸納一番,“總而言之”之類的話。比如下麵的例子:

   Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

  如果讀者很難“顯而見之 ”,但說無妨。

  更多過渡短語:

  to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

  更多句型:

  Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

  2 . 結尾萬能公式二:如此建議

  

  Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

  這裏的虛擬語氣用得很經典。

  更多句型:

  Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

   Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

  

  寫作的“七項基本原則”:

  一、 長 短 句原則

  工作還得一張一馳呢,老讓讀者讀長句,累死人!寫一個短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題:

  As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

  如此可見,長短句結合,抑揚頓挫,豈不爽哉?牢記!

  強烈建議:在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短,且先長後短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然後在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短後長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

  二、 主 題 句原則

  國有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!各位一定要寫一個主題句,放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結尾,讓讀者一目了然。

  

  To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

  三、 一 二 三原則

  1) first, second, third, last

  2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally

  3)the first, the second, the third, the last

  4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly

  5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強烈推薦)

  6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強烈推薦)

  7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強烈推薦)

  8)most important of all, moreover, finally

  9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用於兩點的情況)

  10)for one thing, for another thing(適用於兩點的情況)

  建議:不僅僅在寫作中注意,平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚!

四、 短語優先原則

  寫作時,尤其是在考試時,如果使用短語,有兩個好處:其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點。其二、關鍵時刻思維短路,隻有湊字數,怎麽辦?用短語是一個辦法!比如:

  I cannot bear it.

  可以用短語表達:I cannot put up with it.

  I want it.

  可以用短語表達:I am looking forward to it.

  這樣字數明顯增加,表達也更準確。

  五、 多實少虛原則

  原因很簡單,寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞,少用虛詞。我這裏所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候,不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞,應該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如:

  走出房間, general的詞是:walk out of the room

  小姐走出房間應該說:sail out of the room

  小孩走出房間應該說:dance out of the room

  老人走出房間應該說:stagger out of the room

  所以多用實詞,少用虛詞,文章將會大放異彩!

  六、 多變句式原則

  1)加法(串聯)

  都希望寫下很長的句子,可就是怕寫錯,怎麽辦,最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加 and, 但最好是前後的句子又先後關係或者並列關係。比如說:

  I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.

  如果是二者並列的,我們可以用一個超級句式:

  Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.

  其它的短語可以用:

  besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

  2)轉折(拐彎抹角)

  The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

  The coat was thin, but it was warm.

  更多的短語:

  despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

  3)因果(so, so, so)

  昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩,然後我主動搭訕,然後我們去咖啡廳,然後我們認識了,然後我們成為了朋友…可見,講故事的時候我們總要追求先後順序,先什麽,後什麽,所以然後這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先後或因果關係!

  The snow began to fall, so we went home.

  更多短語:

  then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

  4)失衡句(頭重腳輕,或者頭輕腳重)

  適當地運用主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句的變形。

  舉例:This is what I can do.

  Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.

  同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的複雜成分:

  When to go, Why he goes away…

  5)附加(多此一舉)

  如果有了老婆,總會遇到這樣的情況,當你再講某個人的時候,她會插一句說,我昨天見過他;或者說,就是某某某,如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話裏麵,那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。

  The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

  I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

  Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

  其實很簡單,同位語--要解釋的東西刪除後不影響整個句子的構成;定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞並且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中,但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。

  6)排比(排山倒海句)

  文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過於此,如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話,那麽我希望你引用一個個的排比句,一個個得對偶句,一個個的不定式,一個個地詞,一個個的短語,如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!

  Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

  Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

  We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢恢宏)

  要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

  七、 挑戰極限原則

  既然是挑戰極限,必然是比較難的,但是並非不可攀!

  原理:在學生的文章中,很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子,其實也很簡單,隻要花上5分鍾的時間看看就可以領會,它就是分詞的一種特殊形式,分詞要求主語一致,而獨立主格則不然。比如:

  The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

   Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

    

  文章主體段落三大殺手鐧:

  一、舉實例

  思維短路,舉實例!提出一個觀點,舉實例!提出一個方案,舉實例!而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式,任何情況下,隻要我們無法繼續文章,不管三七二十一,盡管舉例子!

  In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.

  更多句型:

  To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

  二、做比較

  方法:寫完一個要點,比較與之相似的;又寫完一個要點,再比較與之相反的;

  世界上沒有同樣的指紋,沒有相同的樹葉,文章亦同,隻有通過比較,你才會發現二者的相同點(through comparison)和不同點(through contrast)。下麵是一些短語:

  相似的比較:

  in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner

  相反的比較:

  on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

  三、換言之

  沒話說了,可以換一句話再說,讓你的文章在多一些字,或者文鄒鄒地說,是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。

  實際就是重複重複再重複!下麵的句子實際上就三個字 I love you!

  I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.

  I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.

  或者上麵我們舉過的例子:

  I cannot bear it.

  可以用短語表達:I cannot put up with it.

  因此可以這樣說:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.

  更多短語:in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply


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