Lesson Seventeen
Section One: News in Brief
1. Two of the American hostages being held in Lebanon appeared in a videotape released today, appealing to the Reagan Administration to work as hard for their release as it did to get Nicholas Daniloff out of the Soviet Union. Hostage David Jacobsen: 'Don't we also deserve the recognition, the respect and the honorable treatment by the United States government? Don't we deserve the same attention and protection that you gave Daniloff" Jacobsen, who works for the' American University Hospital in Beirut, has been held for sixteen months. Also appearing on the videotape was the -Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson, the first time he's been seen since his capture eighteen months ago. Anderson and Jacobsen had said they were also speaking on behalf of hostage Thomas Sutherland. And they spoke of the death of William Buckley whom Islamic Jihad has claimed to have killed. Sutherland blamed, President Reagan for Buckley's murder. 'President Reagan made his first mistake in the hostage crisis and Buckley died. Mr. President, are you going to make another mistake at the cost of our lives?' President Reagan today defended his efforts to gain the hostages' release. Speaking to reporters as he left for Camp David, Mr. Reagan said there has never been a day that the administration has not been trying every channel. But he said there was no comparison between the case of Nicholas Daniloff and the hostages in Lebanon "because he was held by a government and we don't know who's holding the hostages.' Daniloff himself commented, on the hostages' appeal, saying his heart goes out to them and they will not be forgotten.
2. The White House today gave its view of the upcoming meeting between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Iceland. And office made it clear that the US intends to pursue a much broader agenda than the Soviets are proposing. NPR's Jim Angle reports. “White House spokesman Larry Speakes emphasized today the US does not see the Iceland meeting as a discussion primarily about arms control. “That issue is important to both nations and the world,' he said, 'and the US will be diligent in its efforts to seek common ground that could be the basis for progress in arms talks.' Speakes emphasized, however, that the US agenda will be broader than that, even though Soviet statements about the meeting have focused largely on arms control. Speakes says the US will raise all the issues as it usually does, including regional conflicts and tensions in Afghanistan, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Speakes said that the US will also raise its concern over human rights issues. Speakes' statement on the Iceland meeting today sought to keep expectation to its minimum. The President's goal, he said, is that both sides gain a better understanding of each other's position at this time and move forward toward a summit in the United States. But Speakes said that the US will be satisfied with the meeting if we accomplish better understanding. If no date is set for a summit in the US, he said, that could be done later. I'm Jim Angle at the White House.
第一節 簡明新聞
1.兩名被扣押在黎巴嫩的美國人質出現在今天公布的一盤錄像帶中，呼籲美國裏根政府像爭取尼古拉丹尼洛夫從蘇聯手中獲釋那樣的努力以爭取他們被釋放。人質大衛傑克布森說：‘我們是不是也應該值得被承認，受到美國政府的尊重和體麵的待遇？我們是不是也應該得像你們給對丹尼洛夫那樣的同樣的重視和保護？’傑克布森在貝魯特的美國大學醫院工作，已經被關押16個月。同時在錄像帶中出現的是，美聯社記者特裏安德森，他是在18個月前被綁架以來第一次露麵。安德森和傑克布森曾表示，他們的講話還代表人質托馬斯薩瑟蘭。並且他們提到威廉巴克利的死訊，伊斯蘭聖戰組織聲稱打死了他。薩瑟蘭指責說，是裏根總統謀殺了巴克利。‘裏根總統在人質危機中的第一個錯誤就導致了巴克利的死亡。總統先生，你打算犯下另一個錯誤而用我們的生命作代價嗎？’裏根總統今天表示將努力爭取人質獲釋。這是他在離開戴維營時對記者說的，裏根先生說，政府沒有一天不是在嚐試各種渠道的。但他說，尼克拉斯丹尼洛夫事件和黎巴嫩人質事件無法比較。“因為他是被政府扣押的，而我們不知道誰的在扣押人質。丹尼洛夫自己說的，代表人質的呼籲，說他的心和他們一起跳動，他們不會被遺忘。
2. 白宮今天表示了對與裏根總統和蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫在冰島即將舉行的會議的看法。辦公室明確表示，美國打算追求一個比蘇聯提出的更廣泛議程。美國公共廣播電台的吉姆安吉爾的報道。“白宮發言人拉裏斯皮克斯今天強調，美國並不認為，冰島會晤不是一個主要討論軍控的會議。這個問題對兩個國家和世界都是重要的，他說，美國將努力尋求共同點，可以作為推動軍備會談的基礎。斯皮克斯強調，但是美國的議程比那些將更廣泛，盡管蘇聯聲明會議將最大限度地集中武器控製上。斯皮克斯說，美國將像通常那樣提出的所有問題，包括，阿富汗，非洲，加勒比，中東和東南亞地區的地區衝突和緊張局勢。斯皮克斯說，美國也將提高其對人權問題的關注。今天斯皮克斯有關冰島會議的聲明力圖保住其最低期望值。總統的目標，他說，是雙方在這個時候站在對方的立場上，有更好的了解並期望在美國舉行首腦會議。但斯皮克斯說，美國將會對會議感到滿意，如果我們做到更好的理解。如果在美國的首腦會議的日期沒有確定，他說，這以後可以做到。我是吉姆安吉爾在白宮報道。
Section Two: News in Detail
From Beirut today, the tired voices of two American hostages, a crudely made videotape of journalist Terry Anderson and American University employee David Jacobsen was released this morning by their captor, the Islamic Jihad. The two men read from texts that seemed to have been written by the captors. They sounded bitter as they assailed what they called the Reagan Administration’s refusal to act secure their release. And Anderson confirmed the death of his fellow hostage, American diplomat, William Buckley. Islamic Jihad claims it murdered Buckley in October of last year, but no conclusive death has ever been found. From Beirut, the BBC's Jim, Muir reports.
On Dec.4th 1991, the 2,454th day of captivity, Terry Anderson was released in Lebanon.
“This was the first time since he was kidnapped by gunmen in March last year that Terry Anderson, the Beirut Bureau Chief of the Associate Press, has been seen on video. He looked fit but thinner paler than when he was abducted. He bitterly accused the Administration of ignoring the plight of the American host in Beirut while surrendering to the Russians over the Daniloff case.”
“‘How can any official justify the interest, and attention and action given that case and the inattention given ours? Do the American people know why we are in captivity? Why the marines and others were killed in bombings at Beirut airport and the Embassy buildings? Why they can't roam freely about the Middle East but are always in danger? All this is the result of Reagan's policy, a policy against the people of the Middle East. Our captivity is one part of the result of this policy. William Buckley's murder and the killings of many, many others are another part. Your lack of freedom to travel is another result of that policy. We are not surprised that Mr. Reagan is not paying attention to our case. More than four hundred Americans have been killed in Beirut without causing him to feel any responsibility or to change that policy. We are surprised that the American government has put pressure on some of the European governments not to negotiate in such cases as ours and has surrendered itself in the Daniloff case, releasing a Russian spy, Zakharov, who was working against our people. We are more surprised that the American people still listen to what Reagan says. How long must we staff captivity? How long will the American government not pay attention?' The message was put across strongly by one of Mr. Anderson's fellow captives, Mr. David Jacobsen, Director of the American University Hospital in Beirut, who was kidnapped in May last year. He said that the conditions of the hostages were very bad and had worsened over the past two months. But he said the worst pain came from being ignored by his government. Islamic Jihad is demanding the release of a group of Moslem extremists jailed for bomb attacks in Kuwait. But both Washington and Kuwait itself have refused to negotiate over their release.”
From Beirut. the BBC’s Jim Muir.
第二節 詳細新聞 美國人質抨擊裏根政府
在貝魯特，今天兩名美國人質疲憊的聲音，今天上午出現在一盤粗製濫造的由伊斯蘭聖戰組織綁架者公布的錄像帶裏，即記者特裏安德森和美國大學雇員大衛雅各布森。兩人照著文稿朗讀，文稿似乎是綁架者寫的。當他們攻擊裏根政府稱政府拒絕采取行動爭取他們安全獲釋時聲音苦澀。安德森證實了他的難友，美國外交官，威廉巴克利的死亡。伊斯蘭聖戰組織在去年10月殺害了巴克利，但從來沒有發現確鑿的死亡依據。英國廣播公司的吉姆繆爾來自貝魯特的報道。
“這是特裏安德森自從去年3月被武裝分子綁架後第一次露麵，他是美聯社貝魯特新聞社的副主任，出現在錄像帶上。他看上去比被綁架時還要健康但更瘦更蒼白。他難過地指責政府忽視了在貝魯特的美國人的困境而卻為丹尼洛夫事件向俄國人屈服。”
“‘怎麽任何官員的辯解說他們對那個事件那樣的興趣，關注和采取的行動卻忽視了能給予我們的？美國人民知道我們為什麽被關押嗎？為什麽海軍陸戰隊員和其他人員會在貝魯特機場和使館館舍的爆炸中喪生？他們為什麽不能自由地在中東漫遊，卻始終處於危險當中？所有這一切都是因為裏根的反中東人民的政策的結果。我們的被俘是這一政策結果的一部分。威廉巴克利被謀殺和許多許多人被殺害是另一部分原因。你們不能自由地旅行是這個政策另一個結果。我們對裏根總統對我們的處境漠不關心並不感到驚訝。超過400名美國人在貝魯特被殺害並沒有使他感到任何有改變這個政策的責任。我們感到吃驚的是，美國政府已經對歐洲的一些政府施加壓力，不得在遇到我們這樣的，或丹尼洛夫那樣的自首案，或釋放的反對我們人民的俄羅斯間諜紮哈羅夫等，諸多（類似的）情況進行談判。我們更驚訝的是美國人民仍然聽信裏根所說的。我們的人還要被關押多久？美國政府還要漠不關心多久？’該消息是由安德森的難友，大衛傑克布森強烈地提出來的，他是貝魯特美國大學醫院的主任，是去年5月被綁架的。他說，人質所處的條件非常差，過去兩個月裏開始惡化。但他說，最嚴重的痛苦是被他的政府所忽視。伊斯蘭聖戰組織要求釋放一群因炸彈襲擊，目前關押在科威特的穆斯林極端分子。但是，華盛頓和科威特自己已經拒絕就他們的獲釋而進行的談判。”
BBC的吉姆穆芮，來自貝魯特的報道
Section Three: Special Report
M’bow has been a controversial leader charged with mismanaging UNESCO while taking the agency in an anti-Western direction. The Reagan Administration cited those reasons when pulling the US out of UNESCO in 1984. Last year, the same charges were behind Britain and Singapore's decision to withdraw. Those three defections forced UNESCO to cut its budget by thirty percent and intensified the crisis around M’bow's leadership. Jean Gerard, now USA, ambassador to Luxembourg, is the former US delegate to UNESCO. Gerard recommended the US withdraw, because she felt UNESCO's programs were moving away from international cooperation toward confrontation.
“Take, for example, the New World Information Order, where in their documents they say that the press should be an instrument of the state. Now this, of course, is totally contrary to our concept of a free press. There are more and more programs which emphasize statist type of solutions to problems. In education, for example, in the teacher-training program in Afghanistan, it's run solely by Soviet teachers with a Soviet coordinator. So, in essence, we were paying for the indoctrination of the Afghan people, which again is not my idea of what an international organization ought to be doing. ”
“To what extent do you think M’bow is responsible for the directions that you disproved of in UNESCO? ”
“I think some of them, of course, were already there, but I think they have been very much accentuated under his tenure. And instead of taking the opportunity to reform the organization, to make it work more efficiently and in a more unbiased way, when we gave our notice of withdrawal. There was a great clamor that there was no crisis and initially very little need for reform aside from some cosmetic reform, and a general resentment of the idea.”
“Can you describe M’bow as a leader, what his personality was like, what his characteristics were as a leader?”
“I would say he’s certainly very dynamic. He has a great deal of charm, he has a very personal type of management style, and, I think, he tended to take criticism personally. When we had discussions with him about the budget, the Assistant Secretary of State and myself in 1983, since we pointed out that his figures were very different from the figures that we had under discussion, he then said that the United States, in essence, was behaving in a racist manner, that we had deep psychological problems.”
“Do you think his resignation is a sign that UNESCO wants the United States and England back? ”
“It's not, as I understand it, a resignation. It was a statement saying that he would not seek a third term. That does not preclude, of course, some countries from urging him to be the candidate, and the Executive Board nominates the candidate to the general conference. ”
“Do you know if there was any direct pressure on M’bow to not seek a third term?”
“I know quite a few countries in their governments have been saying that they do not favor his having a third term. That includes the Nordics, who went and informed him of that a few months ago. That includes Japan. And if you call that pressure, there certainly were several countries that indicated that they were not in favor of his having a third term.”
“Does M’bow 's decision to not seek a third term represent a success for the US's decision to pull out of UNESCO? ”
“I wouldn't say it in those words frankly. I think it's a pity he didn't take the opportunity to be the champion of reform. On the other hand, that's his decision. ”
“What would it take for you to recommend to the United States that this country rejoin UNESCO? ”
“I think to have a good Director General, to see a serious constructive reform take place both in the management and in the programs. I think that's the kind of thing that would influence many people to take another look at it.”
From Luxembourg, Ambassador Jean Gerard, former US delegate to UNESCO.
第三節 特別報道 訪問美國前聯合國教科文組織代表簡傑拉德----談聯合國教科文組織總幹事長姆博*
當談到教科文組織的反西方傾向時，姆博便成為頗有爭議的，這個機構經營不善的領導人，該機構負責。裏根政府以此理由，於1984年讓美國退出教科文組織。去年，英國和新加坡以同樣的指責決定退出。這三國的退出，迫使教科文組織的預算削減了百分之三十，並加劇了姆博周圍的領導危機。簡傑拉德，現在是美國駐盧森堡大使，前美國駐教科文組織代表。傑拉德曾建議美國撤出，因為她覺得教科文組織的計劃正在從國際合作走向對抗。
“舉個例子來說，在他們的文件裏他們說道，新的世界信息秩序，就是新聞報道應該是國家的工具。就這一點來說，當然是完全違背我們的新聞自由的理念的。有越來越多的方案，強調以中央集權的方式來解決問題。在教育方麵，例如，在阿富汗的教師培訓計劃，它完全由蘇聯教師和蘇聯協調員來獨立運作。因此，在本質上，我們是為這種向阿富汗人民的灌輸（行為）而付錢，這不是我意識當中一個國際組織應該做的。”
“你認為在你所反對的傾向方麵，姆博應該負多大的責？”
“我認為其中一些是已經存在的，但我覺得這些在他的任期內變得十分突出。當我們遞交了退出通知的時候，他們已經到了阻礙使這個組織更有效更無偏見地運作的改革地步了。曾經有一個大的叫囂說，這裏沒有任何危機，基本上隻需要做一些粉飾性的改革，但普遍有不滿意見。”
“你能描述一下作為一個領導者，姆博的個性是什麽樣子的，他的領導性格是什麽樣的？”
“他當然是非常活躍的。他很有魅力，他有非常個性化的管理作風，而且我認為，他個人傾向於接受批評。當助理國務卿和我在1983年與他討論有關預算問題時，當我們指出他的數字和我們正在討論的有很大的不同時，他說，美國在本質上其行為就是種族主義者，而我們有嚴重的心理問題。“
“你認為他的辭職是教科文組織希望美國和英國回來的信號嗎？”
“據我了解那不是一個辭職。這是個表示他不會尋求第三個任期的聲明。當然這並不排除一些要求他成為候選人，並且執行局會在一般性會議上會提名候選人。”
“你知道姆博是否受到某些直接壓力而不尋求第三個任期？”
“我知道相當少的國家政府已經表示過不希望他有第三個任期。這包括北歐，他們希望並在幾個月前就告訴他了。包括日本。如果說壓力的話，肯定有幾個國家表明他們不主張他有第三個任期。”
“難道姆博決定不尋求第三個任期來表示美國退出教科文組織的成功嗎？”
“坦率地講我不會說的這樣的話。我認為這很可惜他沒有把握住機會成為是改革的先鋒。另一方麵，這是這畢竟是他的決定。”
“你建議美國重新加入聯合國教科文組織，是什麽使你這樣做的？”
“我想一個好的總幹事，能夠看到在管理機構和計劃兩個方麵都需要采取嚴肅的建設性的改革。我認為這是對影響到許多人要讓另外一個人來看到這一點的（原因）。”
美國大使簡傑拉德，前美國駐聯合國教科文組織代表。在盧森堡接受采訪
*原文有誤已更改
Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow 塞內加爾教育家，1974-1987出任聯合國教科文組織總幹事長
Section One: News in Brief
1. Two of the American hostages being held in Lebanon appeared in a videotape released today, appealing to the Reagan Administration to work as hard for their release as it did to get Nicholas Daniloff out of the Soviet Union. Hostage David Jacobsen: 'Don't we also deserve the recognition, the respect and the honorable treatment by the United States government? Don't we deserve the same attention and protection that you gave Daniloff" Jacobsen, who works for the' American University Hospital in Beirut, has been held for sixteen months. Also appearing on the videotape was the -Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson, the first time he's been seen since his capture eighteen months ago. Anderson and Jacobsen had said they were also speaking on behalf of hostage Thomas Sutherland. And they spoke of the death of William Buckley whom Islamic Jihad has claimed to have killed. Sutherland blamed, President Reagan for Buckley's murder. 'President Reagan made his first mistake in the hostage crisis and Buckley died. Mr. President, are you going to make another mistake at the cost of our lives?' President Reagan today defended his efforts to gain the hostages' release. Speaking to reporters as he left for Camp David, Mr. Reagan said there has never been a day that the administration has not been trying every channel. But he said there was no comparison between the case of Nicholas Daniloff and the hostages in Lebanon "because he was held by a government and we don't know who's holding the hostages.' Daniloff himself commented, on the hostages' appeal, saying his heart goes out to them and they will not be forgotten.
2. The White House today gave its view of the upcoming meeting between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Iceland. And office made it clear that the US intends to pursue a much broader agenda than the Soviets are proposing. NPR's Jim Angle reports. “White House spokesman Larry Speakes emphasized today the US does not see the Iceland meeting as a discussion primarily about arms control. “That issue is important to both nations and the world,' he said, 'and the US will be diligent in its efforts to seek common ground that could be the basis for progress in arms talks.' Speakes emphasized, however, that the US agenda will be broader than that, even though Soviet statements about the meeting have focused largely on arms control. Speakes says the US will raise all the issues as it usually does, including regional conflicts and tensions in Afghanistan, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Speakes said that the US will also raise its concern over human rights issues. Speakes' statement on the Iceland meeting today sought to keep expectation to its minimum. The President's goal, he said, is that both sides gain a better understanding of each other's position at this time and move forward toward a summit in the United States. But Speakes said that the US will be satisfied with the meeting if we accomplish better understanding. If no date is set for a summit in the US, he said, that could be done later. I'm Jim Angle at the White House.
第一節 簡明新聞
1.兩名被扣押在黎巴嫩的美國人質出現在今天公布的一盤錄像帶中，呼籲美國裏根政府像爭取尼古拉丹尼洛夫從蘇聯手中獲釋那樣的努力以爭取他們被釋放。人質大衛傑克布森說：‘我們是不是也應該值得被承認，受到美國政府的尊重和體麵的待遇？我們是不是也應該得像你們給對丹尼洛夫那樣的同樣的重視和保護？’傑克布森在貝魯特的美國大學醫院工作，已經被關押16個月。同時在錄像帶中出現的是，美聯社記者特裏安德森，他是在18個月前被綁架以來第一次露麵。安德森和傑克布森曾表示，他們的講話還代表人質托馬斯薩瑟蘭。並且他們提到威廉巴克利的死訊，伊斯蘭聖戰組織聲稱打死了他。薩瑟蘭指責說，是裏根總統謀殺了巴克利。‘裏根總統在人質危機中的第一個錯誤就導致了巴克利的死亡。總統先生，你打算犯下另一個錯誤而用我們的生命作代價嗎？’裏根總統今天表示將努力爭取人質獲釋。這是他在離開戴維營時對記者說的，裏根先生說，政府沒有一天不是在嚐試各種渠道的。但他說，尼克拉斯丹尼洛夫事件和黎巴嫩人質事件無法比較。“因為他是被政府扣押的，而我們不知道誰的在扣押人質。丹尼洛夫自己說的，代表人質的呼籲，說他的心和他們一起跳動，他們不會被遺忘。
2. 白宮今天表示了對與裏根總統和蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫在冰島即將舉行的會議的看法。辦公室明確表示，美國打算追求一個比蘇聯提出的更廣泛議程。美國公共廣播電台的吉姆安吉爾的報道。“白宮發言人拉裏斯皮克斯今天強調，美國並不認為，冰島會晤不是一個主要討論軍控的會議。這個問題對兩個國家和世界都是重要的，他說，美國將努力尋求共同點，可以作為推動軍備會談的基礎。斯皮克斯強調，但是美國的議程比那些將更廣泛，盡管蘇聯聲明會議將最大限度地集中武器控製上。斯皮克斯說，美國將像通常那樣提出的所有問題，包括，阿富汗，非洲，加勒比，中東和東南亞地區的地區衝突和緊張局勢。斯皮克斯說，美國也將提高其對人權問題的關注。今天斯皮克斯有關冰島會議的聲明力圖保住其最低期望值。總統的目標，他說，是雙方在這個時候站在對方的立場上，有更好的了解並期望在美國舉行首腦會議。但斯皮克斯說，美國將會對會議感到滿意，如果我們做到更好的理解。如果在美國的首腦會議的日期沒有確定，他說，這以後可以做到。我是吉姆安吉爾在白宮報道。
Section Two: News in Detail
From Beirut today, the tired voices of two American hostages, a crudely made videotape of journalist Terry Anderson and American University employee David Jacobsen was released this morning by their captor, the Islamic Jihad. The two men read from texts that seemed to have been written by the captors. They sounded bitter as they assailed what they called the Reagan Administration’s refusal to act secure their release. And Anderson confirmed the death of his fellow hostage, American diplomat, William Buckley. Islamic Jihad claims it murdered Buckley in October of last year, but no conclusive death has ever been found. From Beirut, the BBC's Jim, Muir reports.
On Dec.4th 1991, the 2,454th day of captivity, Terry Anderson was released in Lebanon.
“This was the first time since he was kidnapped by gunmen in March last year that Terry Anderson, the Beirut Bureau Chief of the Associate Press, has been seen on video. He looked fit but thinner paler than when he was abducted. He bitterly accused the Administration of ignoring the plight of the American host in Beirut while surrendering to the Russians over the Daniloff case.”
“‘How can any official justify the interest, and attention and action given that case and the inattention given ours? Do the American people know why we are in captivity? Why the marines and others were killed in bombings at Beirut airport and the Embassy buildings? Why they can't roam freely about the Middle East but are always in danger? All this is the result of Reagan's policy, a policy against the people of the Middle East. Our captivity is one part of the result of this policy. William Buckley's murder and the killings of many, many others are another part. Your lack of freedom to travel is another result of that policy. We are not surprised that Mr. Reagan is not paying attention to our case. More than four hundred Americans have been killed in Beirut without causing him to feel any responsibility or to change that policy. We are surprised that the American government has put pressure on some of the European governments not to negotiate in such cases as ours and has surrendered itself in the Daniloff case, releasing a Russian spy, Zakharov, who was working against our people. We are more surprised that the American people still listen to what Reagan says. How long must we staff captivity? How long will the American government not pay attention?' The message was put across strongly by one of Mr. Anderson's fellow captives, Mr. David Jacobsen, Director of the American University Hospital in Beirut, who was kidnapped in May last year. He said that the conditions of the hostages were very bad and had worsened over the past two months. But he said the worst pain came from being ignored by his government. Islamic Jihad is demanding the release of a group of Moslem extremists jailed for bomb attacks in Kuwait. But both Washington and Kuwait itself have refused to negotiate over their release.”
From Beirut. the BBC’s Jim Muir.
第二節 詳細新聞 美國人質抨擊裏根政府
在貝魯特，今天兩名美國人質疲憊的聲音，今天上午出現在一盤粗製濫造的由伊斯蘭聖戰組織綁架者公布的錄像帶裏，即記者特裏安德森和美國大學雇員大衛雅各布森。兩人照著文稿朗讀，文稿似乎是綁架者寫的。當他們攻擊裏根政府稱政府拒絕采取行動爭取他們安全獲釋時聲音苦澀。安德森證實了他的難友，美國外交官，威廉巴克利的死亡。伊斯蘭聖戰組織在去年10月殺害了巴克利，但從來沒有發現確鑿的死亡依據。英國廣播公司的吉姆繆爾來自貝魯特的報道。
“這是特裏安德森自從去年3月被武裝分子綁架後第一次露麵，他是美聯社貝魯特新聞社的副主任，出現在錄像帶上。他看上去比被綁架時還要健康但更瘦更蒼白。他難過地指責政府忽視了在貝魯特的美國人的困境而卻為丹尼洛夫事件向俄國人屈服。”
“‘怎麽任何官員的辯解說他們對那個事件那樣的興趣，關注和采取的行動卻忽視了能給予我們的？美國人民知道我們為什麽被關押嗎？為什麽海軍陸戰隊員和其他人員會在貝魯特機場和使館館舍的爆炸中喪生？他們為什麽不能自由地在中東漫遊，卻始終處於危險當中？所有這一切都是因為裏根的反中東人民的政策的結果。我們的被俘是這一政策結果的一部分。威廉巴克利被謀殺和許多許多人被殺害是另一部分原因。你們不能自由地旅行是這個政策另一個結果。我們對裏根總統對我們的處境漠不關心並不感到驚訝。超過400名美國人在貝魯特被殺害並沒有使他感到任何有改變這個政策的責任。我們感到吃驚的是，美國政府已經對歐洲的一些政府施加壓力，不得在遇到我們這樣的，或丹尼洛夫那樣的自首案，或釋放的反對我們人民的俄羅斯間諜紮哈羅夫等，諸多（類似的）情況進行談判。我們更驚訝的是美國人民仍然聽信裏根所說的。我們的人還要被關押多久？美國政府還要漠不關心多久？’該消息是由安德森的難友，大衛傑克布森強烈地提出來的，他是貝魯特美國大學醫院的主任，是去年5月被綁架的。他說，人質所處的條件非常差，過去兩個月裏開始惡化。但他說，最嚴重的痛苦是被他的政府所忽視。伊斯蘭聖戰組織要求釋放一群因炸彈襲擊，目前關押在科威特的穆斯林極端分子。但是，華盛頓和科威特自己已經拒絕就他們的獲釋而進行的談判。”
BBC的吉姆穆芮，來自貝魯特的報道
Section Three: Special Report
M’bow has been a controversial leader charged with mismanaging UNESCO while taking the agency in an anti-Western direction. The Reagan Administration cited those reasons when pulling the US out of UNESCO in 1984. Last year, the same charges were behind Britain and Singapore's decision to withdraw. Those three defections forced UNESCO to cut its budget by thirty percent and intensified the crisis around M’bow's leadership. Jean Gerard, now USA, ambassador to Luxembourg, is the former US delegate to UNESCO. Gerard recommended the US withdraw, because she felt UNESCO's programs were moving away from international cooperation toward confrontation.
“Take, for example, the New World Information Order, where in their documents they say that the press should be an instrument of the state. Now this, of course, is totally contrary to our concept of a free press. There are more and more programs which emphasize statist type of solutions to problems. In education, for example, in the teacher-training program in Afghanistan, it's run solely by Soviet teachers with a Soviet coordinator. So, in essence, we were paying for the indoctrination of the Afghan people, which again is not my idea of what an international organization ought to be doing. ”
“To what extent do you think M’bow is responsible for the directions that you disproved of in UNESCO? ”
“I think some of them, of course, were already there, but I think they have been very much accentuated under his tenure. And instead of taking the opportunity to reform the organization, to make it work more efficiently and in a more unbiased way, when we gave our notice of withdrawal. There was a great clamor that there was no crisis and initially very little need for reform aside from some cosmetic reform, and a general resentment of the idea.”
“Can you describe M’bow as a leader, what his personality was like, what his characteristics were as a leader?”
“I would say he’s certainly very dynamic. He has a great deal of charm, he has a very personal type of management style, and, I think, he tended to take criticism personally. When we had discussions with him about the budget, the Assistant Secretary of State and myself in 1983, since we pointed out that his figures were very different from the figures that we had under discussion, he then said that the United States, in essence, was behaving in a racist manner, that we had deep psychological problems.”
“Do you think his resignation is a sign that UNESCO wants the United States and England back? ”
“It's not, as I understand it, a resignation. It was a statement saying that he would not seek a third term. That does not preclude, of course, some countries from urging him to be the candidate, and the Executive Board nominates the candidate to the general conference. ”
“Do you know if there was any direct pressure on M’bow to not seek a third term?”
“I know quite a few countries in their governments have been saying that they do not favor his having a third term. That includes the Nordics, who went and informed him of that a few months ago. That includes Japan. And if you call that pressure, there certainly were several countries that indicated that they were not in favor of his having a third term.”
“Does M’bow 's decision to not seek a third term represent a success for the US's decision to pull out of UNESCO? ”
“I wouldn't say it in those words frankly. I think it's a pity he didn't take the opportunity to be the champion of reform. On the other hand, that's his decision. ”
“What would it take for you to recommend to the United States that this country rejoin UNESCO? ”
“I think to have a good Director General, to see a serious constructive reform take place both in the management and in the programs. I think that's the kind of thing that would influence many people to take another look at it.”
From Luxembourg, Ambassador Jean Gerard, former US delegate to UNESCO.
第三節 特別報道 訪問美國前聯合國教科文組織代表簡傑拉德----談聯合國教科文組織總幹事長姆博*
當談到教科文組織的反西方傾向時，姆博便成為頗有爭議的，這個機構經營不善的領導人，該機構負責。裏根政府以此理由，於1984年讓美國退出教科文組織。去年，英國和新加坡以同樣的指責決定退出。這三國的退出，迫使教科文組織的預算削減了百分之三十，並加劇了姆博周圍的領導危機。簡傑拉德，現在是美國駐盧森堡大使，前美國駐教科文組織代表。傑拉德曾建議美國撤出，因為她覺得教科文組織的計劃正在從國際合作走向對抗。
“舉個例子來說，在他們的文件裏他們說道，新的世界信息秩序，就是新聞報道應該是國家的工具。就這一點來說，當然是完全違背我們的新聞自由的理念的。有越來越多的方案，強調以中央集權的方式來解決問題。在教育方麵，例如，在阿富汗的教師培訓計劃，它完全由蘇聯教師和蘇聯協調員來獨立運作。因此，在本質上，我們是為這種向阿富汗人民的灌輸（行為）而付錢，這不是我意識當中一個國際組織應該做的。”
“你認為在你所反對的傾向方麵，姆博應該負多大的責？”
“我認為其中一些是已經存在的，但我覺得這些在他的任期內變得十分突出。當我們遞交了退出通知的時候，他們已經到了阻礙使這個組織更有效更無偏見地運作的改革地步了。曾經有一個大的叫囂說，這裏沒有任何危機，基本上隻需要做一些粉飾性的改革，但普遍有不滿意見。”
“你能描述一下作為一個領導者，姆博的個性是什麽樣子的，他的領導性格是什麽樣的？”
“他當然是非常活躍的。他很有魅力，他有非常個性化的管理作風，而且我認為，他個人傾向於接受批評。當助理國務卿和我在1983年與他討論有關預算問題時，當我們指出他的數字和我們正在討論的有很大的不同時，他說，美國在本質上其行為就是種族主義者，而我們有嚴重的心理問題。“
“你認為他的辭職是教科文組織希望美國和英國回來的信號嗎？”
“據我了解那不是一個辭職。這是個表示他不會尋求第三個任期的聲明。當然這並不排除一些要求他成為候選人，並且執行局會在一般性會議上會提名候選人。”
“你知道姆博是否受到某些直接壓力而不尋求第三個任期？”
“我知道相當少的國家政府已經表示過不希望他有第三個任期。這包括北歐，他們希望並在幾個月前就告訴他了。包括日本。如果說壓力的話，肯定有幾個國家表明他們不主張他有第三個任期。”
“難道姆博決定不尋求第三個任期來表示美國退出教科文組織的成功嗎？”
“坦率地講我不會說的這樣的話。我認為這很可惜他沒有把握住機會成為是改革的先鋒。另一方麵，這是這畢竟是他的決定。”
“你建議美國重新加入聯合國教科文組織，是什麽使你這樣做的？”
“我想一個好的總幹事，能夠看到在管理機構和計劃兩個方麵都需要采取嚴肅的建設性的改革。我認為這是對影響到許多人要讓另外一個人來看到這一點的（原因）。”
美國大使簡傑拉德，前美國駐聯合國教科文組織代表。在盧森堡接受采訪
*原文有誤已更改
Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow 塞內加爾教育家，1974-1987出任聯合國教科文組織總幹事長
