Lesson Fifteen
Section One: News in Brief
1. American reporter Nicholas Danilofv arrived back in the United States today, and accused Soviet spy, Gennadi Zakharov, left for the Soviet Union. Administration officials insisted that there is no connection between the two as they announce plans for a meeting in Iceland, October 11th and 12th, between President Reagan and Soviet leader Gorbachev. We have two reports on today's developments. First, NPR's Jim Angle at the White House. “The preparatory meeting in Iceland was proposed by Secretary Gorbachev in a letter to President Reagan September 19. Secretary Shultz said, today, the meeting will give the two leaders an opportunity to give a special push to preparations for a full-fledged summit later this year in the United States. President Reagan made clear his agreement to the meeting came after an agreement between the two nations on how to resolve the Daniloff affair. “The release of Daniloff made the meeting possible. I could not have accepted and held that meeting if he was still being held.” But the President and others insisted that Daniloff's release without trial had no connection with Gennady Zakharov, the accused Soviet spy who was allowed to plead no contest to espionage charges today and ordered out of the country. Secretary Shultz tied Zakharov's departure to the Soviet agreement to release human rights' activist, Yuri Orlov, and allow him and his wife to emigrate. I'm Jim Angle, at the White House."
2. The Vatican today denounced all homosexual activity as morally evil and said homosexuals should be taught that their sexual practices are unacceptable to the Catholic Church. The document was relayed to all Catholic bishops and restates the church's position that homosexual tendencies are not sinful but activity is. This is NPR in Washington.
3. University of Maryland basketball coach Lefty Dresell resigned today, another victim of the cocaine-induced death of basketball star Len Bias. Paul Guggenheimer reports. "Dresell's resignation came as no surprise today. In recent weeks, advisors to Maryland Chancellor John Slaughter and some members of the Board of Regents were pushing for Dresell's removal. This morning, at Maryland's Cole Field House, Dresell made it official. 'I want to announce that I am stepping down as the head basketball coach at Maryland. I will remain at Maryland in the position of Assistant Athletic Director. The University has agreed to honor the financial terms of my contract, which has 8 years remaining.' Dresell coached basketball at Maryland for 17 years, but following Bias's death, Dresell told a Grand Jury that he ordered an assistant to remove evidence of drug use from Bias's room, and subsequent revelations that his players were having academic problems proved to be Dresell's undoing. For National Public Radio, I'm Paul Guggenheimer in Washington.'
第一節 簡明新聞
1．美國記者尼古拉斯丹尼洛夫今天回到美國，被指控為蘇聯間諜的根納季紮哈羅夫回去蘇聯。宣布10月11日和12日，裏根總統和蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫冰島會談計劃的政府官員們堅持說兩者之間沒有任何聯係。今天我們有2個進一步報導。首先，全國公共電台的吉姆安吉拉在白宮報道說：“冰島的籌備會議，是由總書記戈爾巴喬夫總統9月19日在給裏根的信中建議召開的。國務卿舒爾茨今天表示，會議將給兩國領導人提供一個機會推動一個全麵的首腦會議明年晚些時候在美國召開。裏根總統明確表示他同意在兩國在如何解決丹尼洛夫事件的協議出台之後再參加會談。他說：‘達尼洛夫的獲釋使得會談成為可能。如果他仍被關押，我是不會接受或舉行這次會談的。’但總統和其他人始終堅持，丹尼洛夫未經判決的獲釋同根納季紮哈羅夫，被指控的蘇聯間諜在今天被允許對間諜罪指控申明不抗辯後被命令離境。國務卿舒爾茨把紮哈羅夫的離去把蘇聯同意釋放的人權活動家，尤裏奧爾洛夫並允許他和妻子移居國外之事聯係在一起。我是吉姆安吉拉在白宮報道。”
2. 梵蒂岡今天譴責所有的同性戀行為事道德上的邪惡，並表示，同性戀者應該被教導說，他們的性行為不能為天主教教會所接受。該文件傳達到所有天主教主教並重申了教會的立場：同性戀傾向不是罪過而是行為。這是全國公共電台在華盛頓報道。
3. 馬裏蘭大學籃球教練萊福悌德瑞賽爾今天辭職，而另一籃球明星裏恩比撒成為海洛因誘發死亡的受害者。保羅古根海姆的報道。“德瑞賽爾今天的辭職是不奇怪的。在最近幾個星期，馬裏蘭州大學校長和校董會的一些成員的顧問正在敦促德瑞賽爾辭職。今天上午在馬裏蘭的科爾田徑館裏，德瑞賽爾發表正式聲明。‘我要宣布我將辭去馬裏蘭籃球主教練之職。我會留在馬裏蘭擔任體育係副主任職位。大學已同意履行和我簽訂的還有8年期滿的合同。’ 德瑞賽爾在馬裏蘭大學擔任籃球教練17年，但比撒死後，德瑞賽爾告訴大陪審團說，他讓他的助手從比撒的房間裏毀掉了毒品的證據，隨後有披露指出，他的球員們的技術問題被證明是德瑞賽爾的禍根。全國公共廣播電台，我是保羅古根海姆在華盛頓報道。”
Section Two: News in Detail
American journalist, Nicholas Daniloff, returned to the United Stated today, a free man. He walked off a plane at Dulles Airport outside Washington late this afternoon after a month's detention in the Soviet Union. Daniloff had these words for members of his family and journalists at the airport:
“There is always a silver lining in every cloud. In Russian, Nyet Kuda bisdabra. And I believe that the cloud that hung over Soviet-American affairs is dissipating. I understand that the President is going to meet with Mr. Gorbachev shortly in Iceland, and this to me, is a wonderful thing. In my case, the investigation into the charges against me was concluded. There was no trial, and I left as an ordinary, free American citizen. In Zakharov's case, there was a trial, and he received a sentence. I'm sorry I don't remember the exact terms of the sentence, and he left. I do not believe that these two things are in any way equivalent."
NPR's Richard Gonzalez is at Dulles Airport now.
'Richard, what was the mood of Daniloff and his family when he arrived?'
"Well, the Daniloffs enjoyed a rather emotional reunion here at Dulles Airport. Daniloff was cheerfully greeted by his daughter Miranda and his son, Caleb. They celebrated his arrival with a bottle of champagne. And they bought a dozen yellow roses for their father. Caleb presented his father with a T-shirt that had been printed to say ' Free Nick Daniloff" and now had been amended to say "Freed Nick Daniloff, which Daniloff displayed with obvious relish to the cameramen and photographers who were gathered there.'
'What seemed most on Daniloff's mind when he spoke with reporters today?'
“Well, as you heard him say, Daniloff seemed very, very relieved that his own personal honor and integrity as a journalist had been preserved in the negotiations that had freed him. And he repeated once or twice that he felt that he had not been traded for Zakharov as a spy."
"Is there any chance Daniloff who is completing a second tour as a journalist in Moscow will return to the Soviet Union?"
“Well, Daniloff told us that he left the Soviet Union with his passport and just as importantly with his multiple-entry visa, 'which is still valid,' he said. And he ended his news conference by telling reporters that yesterday in Moscow, feeling that he might be leaving the Soviet Union soon, he had placed new flowers on the grave of his great great grandfather who was buried in Moscow. And he said, 'I'm hopeful that I'll be able to do that again, some time.”
“But who knows what will happen? What else can you tell us about what the scene looked like there?”
Well, I can tell you that there were throngs of reporters here too, some of whom wanted to greet Mr. Daniloff with applause, and that it took a while for Daniloff to get their attention so that he could tell them what they wanted to hear. I think that the most obvious thing is that he had a lot of friends here, among the press corps, that were very happy to see him, and I think that he really ... he had a sparkle in his eye that said, 'Well, I'm finally home.
“So he seemed a lot more rested perhaps than in Frankfurt?”
“Rested, relieved, and I'd have to say well scrubbed.”
“(Laugh). NPR's Richard Gonzalez talking with us from Dulles Airport.”
文中提到的那件T恤衫
第二節 詳細新聞 丹尼洛夫回到美國
美國記者，尼古拉丹尼洛夫，今天作為一個自由人回到美國。今天下午晚些時候，結束了一個月在蘇聯的羈押。他走下停在位於華盛頓郊外的杜勒斯機場的飛機，丹尼洛夫在機場對數位他的家庭成員和記者說出這樣的話：
他說：“在困難中總是會看到一線光明。在俄國，涅特庫達彼思達比雅。我相信，這掛在蘇美事務的陰雲正在消退。我知道總統不久將在冰島同戈爾巴喬夫先生舉行短期會晤，這對我來說，是一個非常好的事情。就我而言，到對我的指控的調查已有了結論。沒有審判，我象一個普通的，自由的美國公民那樣離開了。在紮哈羅夫案件中，會有一個審判，而且他得到了判決。我很遺憾，我不記得這一判決的具體條款，而他離開了。我不認為這兩件事有任何對等之處價的。”
全國公共電台的理查德岡薩雷斯，現已在杜勒斯機場。
“理查德，當丹尼洛夫到達時，他和他的家人的情緒究竟怎麽樣？”
“嗯，丹尼洛夫在杜勒斯機場感受著激動人心的家人重聚。達尼洛夫受到了他的女兒米蘭達和他的兒子，凱萊布熱烈的迎接。他們帶了一瓶香檳，歡迎他的歸來。他們給父親買了一打黃玫瑰。凱萊布送給他父親的禮物是一件印有‘釋放尼克達尼洛夫’的T恤杉，現在已經變成‘丹尼洛夫獲釋’，很明顯的達尼洛夫對聚集在此的攝影師和記者們顯得非常快樂。”
“丹尼洛夫今天的發言最想說的是什麽？”
“嗯，你聽他說了，丹尼洛夫似乎覺得非常非常欣慰的是，他個人作為一名記者的聲譽和誠信在他的釋放談判中得以保全。就此他重複了一兩次，他覺得，他沒有被當成間諜來和紮哈羅夫作交易。”
“是否丹尼洛夫是否要象記者第二次返回蘇聯莫斯科？”
“嗯，丹尼洛夫告訴我們，他離開蘇聯時帶著他的護照，更重要的是多次入境簽證，他說‘那還是有效的’。在昨天，在莫斯科結束新聞發布會快結束時，覺得他可能會很快離開蘇聯，他在他的葬在莫斯科的高祖父墓前重新放上了新的花朵。他說，‘我希望以後我能再次這樣做。’”
“但誰知道今後會發生什麽？你還有告訴我們什麽那裏的場麵？”
“好吧，我可以告訴你這裏有大批的記者，有些人用掌聲迎接達尼洛夫先生，而且持續了一段時間，直到達尼洛夫要他們注意，他可以要說些他們想聽到的話。我覺得最明顯的是，他有很多朋友在記者人群中，非常高興看到他，我覺得他淚盈眶地說，‘好了，我終於回家了’”。
“所以他會比在法蘭克福有更多的休息吧？”
“休息，放鬆，我得說是好好洗個澡。”
“（笑）。全國公共電台的理查德岡薩雷斯從杜勒斯機場與我們談話。”
Section Three: Special Report
Today, Van Gordon Sauter, the President of CBS News resigned from his job. This resignation, the latest move in a CBS shake-up, which yesterday brought the ouster of CBS Chief Executive Officer Thomas Wyman. He was replaced by Laurence Tisch, the company's leading stockholder.
Also, yesterday, the 82-year-old founder of CBS, William Paley, came out of retirement to become the company's Chairman. Writer Ken Aleter says the CBS Board probably put the changes into motion even before the Board meeting yesterday.
“There was a regularly scheduled Board dinner, an informal dinner the night before, which is normal for a monthly Board meeting. And Wyman cancelled it, feeling that the Board was so polarized in the battle between Laurence Tisch and Paley on one side, and Thomas Wyman and some of the Board members who are supporters of his on the other. But the Board decided to meet any way without Tisch or Paley or Wyman, and they apparently met till quite late, which would be Tuesday night. Then at the meeting yesterday, Mr. Wyman presented a budget as planned, and apparently, the Board unanimously was dissatisfied with that budget presentation then it was learned that, in fact, there had been, at least formed, that there were overtures made by Wyman and others aligned with him to try and sell the company, try and find a white knight to stave off Laurence Tisch and Bill Paley.'
The founder of CBS William Paley(1901-1990)
“Last minute scrambling by Wyman?”
“Yes, and in the end, the Board asked Tisch and Paley to leave, and then they asked Wyman to leave. So the 3 principle actors in this drama were out of the room when the Board discussed it, and I'm told, unanimously reached the judgment that it was time for a change.”
“So it's not really fair to say that Laurence Tisch came rolling into that meeting and just took it over.'
“Well, apparently the Board took it over. What happened was, as of late last week, this Board was ready to support Tom Wyman. Something happened in the last several days to turn this Board around. And I think, in part, that something that happened was a growing sense of dissatisfaction with Wyman: And I suspect also, a sense that the Board probably had that the continued in the press, would only continue if Wyman remained, he helm, and they had to stop it.”
“Yeah. Let me ask you for a very simplistic answer to a complicated question here. CBS got into this sort of trouble because of problems endemic to the television industry now, or because of mismanagement of CBS?”
“Both. Clearly, same thing is happening in all the networks. They're facing a future, at least the immediate future, where revenues no longer grow at the same rate they used to, which is 10, 12, 14 percent a year. Revenues are declining at all three networks. Advertisers are finding other outlets for their money, more efficient outlets, cheaper outlets for their money. There's new competition from the 4th network, from technology, from cable. Second, there was a feeling that, Wyman, though he was a good manager on paper and had a good strong managerial background, was not a people manager. Television is populated by a lot of famous people, who have rather large egos. They're also rather large talents. But in any case, those egos require some stroking. Tom Wyman was not a stranger. He was a go-by-the-book kind of manage. So he was a stranger, for instance, to the most important division of CBS, not the division that product the most money, but the one that produces the most prestige, and that's the news division."
“The CBS News people, as you mention, have been disenchanted of last, and they're probably encouraged by this move, but specifically, what were they fussing about? How have they been mismanaged? Can anyone say?”
"Well, I think there are probably a thousand different stories. One story that's received a lot of prominence in the last week is Bill Moyer's story, which is a felling that the entertainment values at CBS have been enshrined at the expense of news values. That, however, is probably also a little simplistic if you go back to Edward R. Morrow, the late sainted Edward R. Morrow, who's a wonderful journalist, but who was also a journalist who sometimes enshrined entertainment values, for instance, if you go back and look at person-to-person interviews that he did on a program called 'Person to Person', it was a kind of a 'Gee, whiz, oh gosh, it's so nice to be invited into your home'- kind of an atmosphere, and hardly hard news. But I think Moyers' complaint suggests how polarized the situation at CBS is."
“Ken Aleter. He's the author of the book, Greed and Glory on Wall Street, talking with us in New York."
前哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞總裁範戈登索特
前哥倫比亞廣播公司首席執行官托馬斯懷曼
第三節 特別報道 哥倫比亞廣播公司高層人事變動
今天，哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞總裁範戈登索特辭職了。這項辭職，是最近在哥倫比亞廣播公司改組的最後動作，昨天哥倫比亞廣播公司首席執行官托馬斯懷曼下台了。他被該公司的主要股東勞倫斯蒂什取代了。
此外，昨天，82歲的哥倫比亞廣播公司的創始人，威廉佩利，退休後複出，成為公司的董事長。作家肯阿勒特說，美國哥倫比亞廣播公司董事會可能把昨天的變故列入動議，即使是在董事會會議召開之前。
“有一個定期董事會晚餐，在每月的董事會會議前一天晚上有一次非正式的晚宴，而懷曼取消了它，讓人感覺到董事會在這場鬥爭中兩極分化，勞倫斯蒂什和佩利站在一邊，托馬斯懷曼和一些支持他的董事會成員站在另一邊。但是，董事會決定，在沒有蒂什，佩利和懷曼的情況下作出決定，顯然周二晚上會開到很晚。然後，在昨天的會議上，懷曼先生提出了一項計劃中的預算。顯然，董事會完全一致地表示不滿，因為這項預算的提出而不是研究中來的，實際上，這種情況發生過，至少在這以前，有人提出懷曼和他的支持者們在出賣公司的提議，試尋找一位正義的騎士擋開勞倫斯蒂什和比爾佩利。
“最後一刻的努力？”
“是的，最後，董事會要求蒂施和佩利離開，然後他們要求懷曼離開。因此，董事會決定這場戲的三個主要演員離開房間，我被告知，全體一致的達成的判決，現在是改變的時候了。“
“因此，這不是很公平地說，勞倫斯蒂什來參加這個會卻告訴他會開完了。
“嗯，顯然董事會在操控。當時情況是，截至上周，董事會是願意支持湯姆懷曼。事情發生在過去數天內轉變了董事會的看法。而我想，發生了什麽令董事會對懷曼不滿的事情。任何事情發生的是一場與緯日益感到不滿：我也懷疑，從某種意義上說，董事會可能有這樣的新聞不斷，隻會繼續，如果懷曼繼續留任，由他掌舵，他們才會停止。”
“是啊。我想要你就這個複雜的問題做出一個簡單的答案。哥倫比亞廣播公司陷入這種的電視業特有的麻煩當中，還是因為哥倫比亞廣播公司管理不善造成的？”
“兩位原因都存在。顯然，同樣的事情發生在所有的電視網中。他們麵臨的未來，至少在不久的將來，如果總營業額的增長不再同以往，那樣每年10，12，14個百分點的增長。所有三個電視網收入都在下降。廣告商正為賺錢在尋找其他途徑，更廉價的渠道。新的競爭來自予第四個網路，從技術上，有線電視上。第二，有一個感覺是，懷曼，盡管他是一個好的紙麵經理，並有良好的強有力的管理背景，但不是一個善於管人的經理。電視是由著名的人來聚人氣的（行業），這些人相當自負。他們也有還相當的才能。但在任何情況下，那些自負需要安撫。湯姆懷曼不是一個門外漢。他是一個照本宣科地去管理，因此，他就是一個外行，例如，哥倫比亞廣播公司的最重要的部門，不是賺錢最多地那個部門，而是一個帶來最多聲望的，就是新聞部門。”
“哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞從業人員，正如你提到，過去一直是，而且他們很可能受到這一舉動的鼓舞，但具體地說，他們有什麽大驚小怪的？他們是如何被不當地管理著？誰能說什麽？”
“嗯，我想大概有上千種不同的故事。有一個故事，在上個星期受極大關注，就是比爾莫耶的故事，他感到在哥倫比亞廣播公司，娛樂價值已經被保留在新聞價值的費用中。然而，這也可能是有點過於簡單，如果你回到愛德華R莫羅時代，已故的德高望重愛德華R莫羅，是一個絕好的記者，有時他也是個體現娛樂價值出娛樂價值的記者，例如，如果你回頭看看他的麵對麵的采訪節目，他作的一個節目名為‘人訪人’，這是一個‘呀，奇才，哦，天哪，能受邀到您的家來真是榮幸’——這樣的氣氛，根本沒有生硬的新聞。但我認為莫耶斯的抱怨暗示了在哥倫比亞廣播公司內部兩極分化的狀況。“
“肯阿勒特，他是《華爾街的貪婪與榮耀》一書的作者，和我們在紐約談話。”
Section One: News in Brief
1. American reporter Nicholas Danilofv arrived back in the United States today, and accused Soviet spy, Gennadi Zakharov, left for the Soviet Union. Administration officials insisted that there is no connection between the two as they announce plans for a meeting in Iceland, October 11th and 12th, between President Reagan and Soviet leader Gorbachev. We have two reports on today's developments. First, NPR's Jim Angle at the White House. “The preparatory meeting in Iceland was proposed by Secretary Gorbachev in a letter to President Reagan September 19. Secretary Shultz said, today, the meeting will give the two leaders an opportunity to give a special push to preparations for a full-fledged summit later this year in the United States. President Reagan made clear his agreement to the meeting came after an agreement between the two nations on how to resolve the Daniloff affair. “The release of Daniloff made the meeting possible. I could not have accepted and held that meeting if he was still being held.” But the President and others insisted that Daniloff's release without trial had no connection with Gennady Zakharov, the accused Soviet spy who was allowed to plead no contest to espionage charges today and ordered out of the country. Secretary Shultz tied Zakharov's departure to the Soviet agreement to release human rights' activist, Yuri Orlov, and allow him and his wife to emigrate. I'm Jim Angle, at the White House."
2. The Vatican today denounced all homosexual activity as morally evil and said homosexuals should be taught that their sexual practices are unacceptable to the Catholic Church. The document was relayed to all Catholic bishops and restates the church's position that homosexual tendencies are not sinful but activity is. This is NPR in Washington.
3. University of Maryland basketball coach Lefty Dresell resigned today, another victim of the cocaine-induced death of basketball star Len Bias. Paul Guggenheimer reports. "Dresell's resignation came as no surprise today. In recent weeks, advisors to Maryland Chancellor John Slaughter and some members of the Board of Regents were pushing for Dresell's removal. This morning, at Maryland's Cole Field House, Dresell made it official. 'I want to announce that I am stepping down as the head basketball coach at Maryland. I will remain at Maryland in the position of Assistant Athletic Director. The University has agreed to honor the financial terms of my contract, which has 8 years remaining.' Dresell coached basketball at Maryland for 17 years, but following Bias's death, Dresell told a Grand Jury that he ordered an assistant to remove evidence of drug use from Bias's room, and subsequent revelations that his players were having academic problems proved to be Dresell's undoing. For National Public Radio, I'm Paul Guggenheimer in Washington.'
第一節 簡明新聞
1．美國記者尼古拉斯丹尼洛夫今天回到美國，被指控為蘇聯間諜的根納季紮哈羅夫回去蘇聯。宣布10月11日和12日，裏根總統和蘇聯領導人戈爾巴喬夫冰島會談計劃的政府官員們堅持說兩者之間沒有任何聯係。今天我們有2個進一步報導。首先，全國公共電台的吉姆安吉拉在白宮報道說：“冰島的籌備會議，是由總書記戈爾巴喬夫總統9月19日在給裏根的信中建議召開的。國務卿舒爾茨今天表示，會議將給兩國領導人提供一個機會推動一個全麵的首腦會議明年晚些時候在美國召開。裏根總統明確表示他同意在兩國在如何解決丹尼洛夫事件的協議出台之後再參加會談。他說：‘達尼洛夫的獲釋使得會談成為可能。如果他仍被關押，我是不會接受或舉行這次會談的。’但總統和其他人始終堅持，丹尼洛夫未經判決的獲釋同根納季紮哈羅夫，被指控的蘇聯間諜在今天被允許對間諜罪指控申明不抗辯後被命令離境。國務卿舒爾茨把紮哈羅夫的離去把蘇聯同意釋放的人權活動家，尤裏奧爾洛夫並允許他和妻子移居國外之事聯係在一起。我是吉姆安吉拉在白宮報道。”
2. 梵蒂岡今天譴責所有的同性戀行為事道德上的邪惡，並表示，同性戀者應該被教導說，他們的性行為不能為天主教教會所接受。該文件傳達到所有天主教主教並重申了教會的立場：同性戀傾向不是罪過而是行為。這是全國公共電台在華盛頓報道。
3. 馬裏蘭大學籃球教練萊福悌德瑞賽爾今天辭職，而另一籃球明星裏恩比撒成為海洛因誘發死亡的受害者。保羅古根海姆的報道。“德瑞賽爾今天的辭職是不奇怪的。在最近幾個星期，馬裏蘭州大學校長和校董會的一些成員的顧問正在敦促德瑞賽爾辭職。今天上午在馬裏蘭的科爾田徑館裏，德瑞賽爾發表正式聲明。‘我要宣布我將辭去馬裏蘭籃球主教練之職。我會留在馬裏蘭擔任體育係副主任職位。大學已同意履行和我簽訂的還有8年期滿的合同。’ 德瑞賽爾在馬裏蘭大學擔任籃球教練17年，但比撒死後，德瑞賽爾告訴大陪審團說，他讓他的助手從比撒的房間裏毀掉了毒品的證據，隨後有披露指出，他的球員們的技術問題被證明是德瑞賽爾的禍根。全國公共廣播電台，我是保羅古根海姆在華盛頓報道。”
Section Two: News in Detail
American journalist, Nicholas Daniloff, returned to the United Stated today, a free man. He walked off a plane at Dulles Airport outside Washington late this afternoon after a month's detention in the Soviet Union. Daniloff had these words for members of his family and journalists at the airport:
“There is always a silver lining in every cloud. In Russian, Nyet Kuda bisdabra. And I believe that the cloud that hung over Soviet-American affairs is dissipating. I understand that the President is going to meet with Mr. Gorbachev shortly in Iceland, and this to me, is a wonderful thing. In my case, the investigation into the charges against me was concluded. There was no trial, and I left as an ordinary, free American citizen. In Zakharov's case, there was a trial, and he received a sentence. I'm sorry I don't remember the exact terms of the sentence, and he left. I do not believe that these two things are in any way equivalent."
NPR's Richard Gonzalez is at Dulles Airport now.
'Richard, what was the mood of Daniloff and his family when he arrived?'
"Well, the Daniloffs enjoyed a rather emotional reunion here at Dulles Airport. Daniloff was cheerfully greeted by his daughter Miranda and his son, Caleb. They celebrated his arrival with a bottle of champagne. And they bought a dozen yellow roses for their father. Caleb presented his father with a T-shirt that had been printed to say ' Free Nick Daniloff" and now had been amended to say "Freed Nick Daniloff, which Daniloff displayed with obvious relish to the cameramen and photographers who were gathered there.'
'What seemed most on Daniloff's mind when he spoke with reporters today?'
“Well, as you heard him say, Daniloff seemed very, very relieved that his own personal honor and integrity as a journalist had been preserved in the negotiations that had freed him. And he repeated once or twice that he felt that he had not been traded for Zakharov as a spy."
"Is there any chance Daniloff who is completing a second tour as a journalist in Moscow will return to the Soviet Union?"
“Well, Daniloff told us that he left the Soviet Union with his passport and just as importantly with his multiple-entry visa, 'which is still valid,' he said. And he ended his news conference by telling reporters that yesterday in Moscow, feeling that he might be leaving the Soviet Union soon, he had placed new flowers on the grave of his great great grandfather who was buried in Moscow. And he said, 'I'm hopeful that I'll be able to do that again, some time.”
“But who knows what will happen? What else can you tell us about what the scene looked like there?”
Well, I can tell you that there were throngs of reporters here too, some of whom wanted to greet Mr. Daniloff with applause, and that it took a while for Daniloff to get their attention so that he could tell them what they wanted to hear. I think that the most obvious thing is that he had a lot of friends here, among the press corps, that were very happy to see him, and I think that he really ... he had a sparkle in his eye that said, 'Well, I'm finally home.
“So he seemed a lot more rested perhaps than in Frankfurt?”
“Rested, relieved, and I'd have to say well scrubbed.”
“(Laugh). NPR's Richard Gonzalez talking with us from Dulles Airport.”
文中提到的那件T恤衫
第二節 詳細新聞 丹尼洛夫回到美國
美國記者，尼古拉丹尼洛夫，今天作為一個自由人回到美國。今天下午晚些時候，結束了一個月在蘇聯的羈押。他走下停在位於華盛頓郊外的杜勒斯機場的飛機，丹尼洛夫在機場對數位他的家庭成員和記者說出這樣的話：
他說：“在困難中總是會看到一線光明。在俄國，涅特庫達彼思達比雅。我相信，這掛在蘇美事務的陰雲正在消退。我知道總統不久將在冰島同戈爾巴喬夫先生舉行短期會晤，這對我來說，是一個非常好的事情。就我而言，到對我的指控的調查已有了結論。沒有審判，我象一個普通的，自由的美國公民那樣離開了。在紮哈羅夫案件中，會有一個審判，而且他得到了判決。我很遺憾，我不記得這一判決的具體條款，而他離開了。我不認為這兩件事有任何對等之處價的。”
全國公共電台的理查德岡薩雷斯，現已在杜勒斯機場。
“理查德，當丹尼洛夫到達時，他和他的家人的情緒究竟怎麽樣？”
“嗯，丹尼洛夫在杜勒斯機場感受著激動人心的家人重聚。達尼洛夫受到了他的女兒米蘭達和他的兒子，凱萊布熱烈的迎接。他們帶了一瓶香檳，歡迎他的歸來。他們給父親買了一打黃玫瑰。凱萊布送給他父親的禮物是一件印有‘釋放尼克達尼洛夫’的T恤杉，現在已經變成‘丹尼洛夫獲釋’，很明顯的達尼洛夫對聚集在此的攝影師和記者們顯得非常快樂。”
“丹尼洛夫今天的發言最想說的是什麽？”
“嗯，你聽他說了，丹尼洛夫似乎覺得非常非常欣慰的是，他個人作為一名記者的聲譽和誠信在他的釋放談判中得以保全。就此他重複了一兩次，他覺得，他沒有被當成間諜來和紮哈羅夫作交易。”
“是否丹尼洛夫是否要象記者第二次返回蘇聯莫斯科？”
“嗯，丹尼洛夫告訴我們，他離開蘇聯時帶著他的護照，更重要的是多次入境簽證，他說‘那還是有效的’。在昨天，在莫斯科結束新聞發布會快結束時，覺得他可能會很快離開蘇聯，他在他的葬在莫斯科的高祖父墓前重新放上了新的花朵。他說，‘我希望以後我能再次這樣做。’”
“但誰知道今後會發生什麽？你還有告訴我們什麽那裏的場麵？”
“好吧，我可以告訴你這裏有大批的記者，有些人用掌聲迎接達尼洛夫先生，而且持續了一段時間，直到達尼洛夫要他們注意，他可以要說些他們想聽到的話。我覺得最明顯的是，他有很多朋友在記者人群中，非常高興看到他，我覺得他淚盈眶地說，‘好了，我終於回家了’”。
“所以他會比在法蘭克福有更多的休息吧？”
“休息，放鬆，我得說是好好洗個澡。”
“（笑）。全國公共電台的理查德岡薩雷斯從杜勒斯機場與我們談話。”
Section Three: Special Report
Today, Van Gordon Sauter, the President of CBS News resigned from his job. This resignation, the latest move in a CBS shake-up, which yesterday brought the ouster of CBS Chief Executive Officer Thomas Wyman. He was replaced by Laurence Tisch, the company's leading stockholder.
Also, yesterday, the 82-year-old founder of CBS, William Paley, came out of retirement to become the company's Chairman. Writer Ken Aleter says the CBS Board probably put the changes into motion even before the Board meeting yesterday.
“There was a regularly scheduled Board dinner, an informal dinner the night before, which is normal for a monthly Board meeting. And Wyman cancelled it, feeling that the Board was so polarized in the battle between Laurence Tisch and Paley on one side, and Thomas Wyman and some of the Board members who are supporters of his on the other. But the Board decided to meet any way without Tisch or Paley or Wyman, and they apparently met till quite late, which would be Tuesday night. Then at the meeting yesterday, Mr. Wyman presented a budget as planned, and apparently, the Board unanimously was dissatisfied with that budget presentation then it was learned that, in fact, there had been, at least formed, that there were overtures made by Wyman and others aligned with him to try and sell the company, try and find a white knight to stave off Laurence Tisch and Bill Paley.'
The founder of CBS William Paley(1901-1990)
“Last minute scrambling by Wyman?”
“Yes, and in the end, the Board asked Tisch and Paley to leave, and then they asked Wyman to leave. So the 3 principle actors in this drama were out of the room when the Board discussed it, and I'm told, unanimously reached the judgment that it was time for a change.”
“So it's not really fair to say that Laurence Tisch came rolling into that meeting and just took it over.'
“Well, apparently the Board took it over. What happened was, as of late last week, this Board was ready to support Tom Wyman. Something happened in the last several days to turn this Board around. And I think, in part, that something that happened was a growing sense of dissatisfaction with Wyman: And I suspect also, a sense that the Board probably had that the continued in the press, would only continue if Wyman remained, he helm, and they had to stop it.”
“Yeah. Let me ask you for a very simplistic answer to a complicated question here. CBS got into this sort of trouble because of problems endemic to the television industry now, or because of mismanagement of CBS?”
“Both. Clearly, same thing is happening in all the networks. They're facing a future, at least the immediate future, where revenues no longer grow at the same rate they used to, which is 10, 12, 14 percent a year. Revenues are declining at all three networks. Advertisers are finding other outlets for their money, more efficient outlets, cheaper outlets for their money. There's new competition from the 4th network, from technology, from cable. Second, there was a feeling that, Wyman, though he was a good manager on paper and had a good strong managerial background, was not a people manager. Television is populated by a lot of famous people, who have rather large egos. They're also rather large talents. But in any case, those egos require some stroking. Tom Wyman was not a stranger. He was a go-by-the-book kind of manage. So he was a stranger, for instance, to the most important division of CBS, not the division that product the most money, but the one that produces the most prestige, and that's the news division."
“The CBS News people, as you mention, have been disenchanted of last, and they're probably encouraged by this move, but specifically, what were they fussing about? How have they been mismanaged? Can anyone say?”
"Well, I think there are probably a thousand different stories. One story that's received a lot of prominence in the last week is Bill Moyer's story, which is a felling that the entertainment values at CBS have been enshrined at the expense of news values. That, however, is probably also a little simplistic if you go back to Edward R. Morrow, the late sainted Edward R. Morrow, who's a wonderful journalist, but who was also a journalist who sometimes enshrined entertainment values, for instance, if you go back and look at person-to-person interviews that he did on a program called 'Person to Person', it was a kind of a 'Gee, whiz, oh gosh, it's so nice to be invited into your home'- kind of an atmosphere, and hardly hard news. But I think Moyers' complaint suggests how polarized the situation at CBS is."
“Ken Aleter. He's the author of the book, Greed and Glory on Wall Street, talking with us in New York."
前哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞總裁範戈登索特
前哥倫比亞廣播公司首席執行官托馬斯懷曼
第三節 特別報道 哥倫比亞廣播公司高層人事變動
今天，哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞總裁範戈登索特辭職了。這項辭職，是最近在哥倫比亞廣播公司改組的最後動作，昨天哥倫比亞廣播公司首席執行官托馬斯懷曼下台了。他被該公司的主要股東勞倫斯蒂什取代了。
此外，昨天，82歲的哥倫比亞廣播公司的創始人，威廉佩利，退休後複出，成為公司的董事長。作家肯阿勒特說，美國哥倫比亞廣播公司董事會可能把昨天的變故列入動議，即使是在董事會會議召開之前。
“有一個定期董事會晚餐，在每月的董事會會議前一天晚上有一次非正式的晚宴，而懷曼取消了它，讓人感覺到董事會在這場鬥爭中兩極分化，勞倫斯蒂什和佩利站在一邊，托馬斯懷曼和一些支持他的董事會成員站在另一邊。但是，董事會決定，在沒有蒂什，佩利和懷曼的情況下作出決定，顯然周二晚上會開到很晚。然後，在昨天的會議上，懷曼先生提出了一項計劃中的預算。顯然，董事會完全一致地表示不滿，因為這項預算的提出而不是研究中來的，實際上，這種情況發生過，至少在這以前，有人提出懷曼和他的支持者們在出賣公司的提議，試尋找一位正義的騎士擋開勞倫斯蒂什和比爾佩利。
“最後一刻的努力？”
“是的，最後，董事會要求蒂施和佩利離開，然後他們要求懷曼離開。因此，董事會決定這場戲的三個主要演員離開房間，我被告知，全體一致的達成的判決，現在是改變的時候了。“
“因此，這不是很公平地說，勞倫斯蒂什來參加這個會卻告訴他會開完了。
“嗯，顯然董事會在操控。當時情況是，截至上周，董事會是願意支持湯姆懷曼。事情發生在過去數天內轉變了董事會的看法。而我想，發生了什麽令董事會對懷曼不滿的事情。任何事情發生的是一場與緯日益感到不滿：我也懷疑，從某種意義上說，董事會可能有這樣的新聞不斷，隻會繼續，如果懷曼繼續留任，由他掌舵，他們才會停止。”
“是啊。我想要你就這個複雜的問題做出一個簡單的答案。哥倫比亞廣播公司陷入這種的電視業特有的麻煩當中，還是因為哥倫比亞廣播公司管理不善造成的？”
“兩位原因都存在。顯然，同樣的事情發生在所有的電視網中。他們麵臨的未來，至少在不久的將來，如果總營業額的增長不再同以往，那樣每年10，12，14個百分點的增長。所有三個電視網收入都在下降。廣告商正為賺錢在尋找其他途徑，更廉價的渠道。新的競爭來自予第四個網路，從技術上，有線電視上。第二，有一個感覺是，懷曼，盡管他是一個好的紙麵經理，並有良好的強有力的管理背景，但不是一個善於管人的經理。電視是由著名的人來聚人氣的（行業），這些人相當自負。他們也有還相當的才能。但在任何情況下，那些自負需要安撫。湯姆懷曼不是一個門外漢。他是一個照本宣科地去管理，因此，他就是一個外行，例如，哥倫比亞廣播公司的最重要的部門，不是賺錢最多地那個部門，而是一個帶來最多聲望的，就是新聞部門。”
“哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞從業人員，正如你提到，過去一直是，而且他們很可能受到這一舉動的鼓舞，但具體地說，他們有什麽大驚小怪的？他們是如何被不當地管理著？誰能說什麽？”
“嗯，我想大概有上千種不同的故事。有一個故事，在上個星期受極大關注，就是比爾莫耶的故事，他感到在哥倫比亞廣播公司，娛樂價值已經被保留在新聞價值的費用中。然而，這也可能是有點過於簡單，如果你回到愛德華R莫羅時代，已故的德高望重愛德華R莫羅，是一個絕好的記者，有時他也是個體現娛樂價值出娛樂價值的記者，例如，如果你回頭看看他的麵對麵的采訪節目，他作的一個節目名為‘人訪人’，這是一個‘呀，奇才，哦，天哪，能受邀到您的家來真是榮幸’——這樣的氣氛，根本沒有生硬的新聞。但我認為莫耶斯的抱怨暗示了在哥倫比亞廣播公司內部兩極分化的狀況。“
“肯阿勒特，他是《華爾街的貪婪與榮耀》一書的作者，和我們在紐約談話。”
