英語高級聽力13課（附譯文與圖片）

Lesson Thirteen

Section One: News in Brief
1. A special committee of twelve senators today began the impeachment trial of Federal Judge Harry Claiborne. It's the first such proceeding in fifteen years. Claiborne is serving a jail sentence for tax evasion.
2. President Reagan today continued his campaign for a drug-free America. He ordered mandatory testing for federal workers in sensitive positions. And he also sent Congress a legislative package that would increase federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred million dollars, much of that on increased border patrols. The President said the legislation is the federal government's way of just saying no to drugs. "We're getting tough on drugs; we mean business. To those who are thinking of using drugs, we say 'Stop.' And to those who are pushing drugs, we say 'Beware.' " Mandatory drug testing for some federal workers is the most controversial part of the President's plan. It's been condemned by some employee groups.
3. One person was killed and more than fifty injured today in Paris when a bomb exploded at the drivers' permit office at police headquarters. It was the fourth blast in seven days in the French capital.


第一節 簡明新聞
1，一個由12位參議員組成的特別委員會今天開始對聯邦法官哈利克萊博尼的彈劾審判。這是15年來首次進行這樣的法律程序。克萊博尼因逃稅而被判入獄服刑。
2，裏根總統今天繼續推行他的“美國無毒品運動”。他下令對敏感崗位工作的聯邦政府人員強製進行檢測。他還向國會的遞交了一係列立法方案，將增加9億美元的聯邦禁毒開支，在很大程度上加強邊境巡邏。總統說，立法是聯邦政府對毒品說不的方法。“我們正在艱難地打擊毒品，我們是認真的。對於那些想要使用毒品的人，我們說‘停’。對於那些正在推廣毒品的人，我們說‘小心點’”。對一些聯邦工作人員來說強製性藥檢是總統計劃中最受爭議的部分。已經遭到一些雇員團體的譴責。
3，今天在巴黎警察總部一枚炸彈在駕照辦公室爆炸，有一人死亡50人受傷。這是7天內在法國首都發生的第四起爆炸案。

Section Two: News in Detail
In Paris today, one person was killed and more than fifty were injured when a bomb exploded at police headquarters. This is the fourth attack on a crowded public target in a week. A police officer was killed yesterday while removing a bomb from a restaurant on the Avenue Champs Elysee. Minutes after that incident, Prime Minister Jacques Chirac announced new security measures aimed at curbing terrorist activities in France. Melodie Walker reports from Paris.
A group calling itself 'the Committee for Solidarity with Arab and Middle-Eastern Prisoners' has claimed responsibility for the current series of bombings in Paris, in addition to ten other attacks in the French capital over the past year. The Committee has delivered messages to news agencies in Beirut threatening to continue its bombing campaign in Paris until the French government agrees to release three men jailed in France on charges of terrorism. One of the convicted prisoners, George Ibraham Abdullah, is believed to be the leader of the Lebanese Army Faction suspected of killing a US military attaché in Paris in 1982. The French government has officially declared it will not release the prisoners. In response to the repeated attacks in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac last night announced new anti-terrorist measures: military patrols along the French borders will be increased and, beginning today, all foreigners will require a visa to enter France. Citizens of European Common Market countries and Switzerland will be exempt from the visa requirement. But Americans planning to visit France will need to apply for visas at the nearest French consulate. For an initial period of fifteen days, however, emergency visas will be granted at French airports and other border checkpoints. France has been plagued with terrorism at home and abroad in recent years. In the past two weeks, three French members of the United Nations peace keeping force in Lebanon have been killed by remote-controlled bombs. Today, France called for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss the role and safety of the force. Seven French hostages in Beirut are also a major concern for the Chirac government. Dominique Moazi, Associate Director of the French Institute for International Relations, says the bombings in Paris, the attacks on the UN troops, and the hostage situation are all indirectly related.
'I think there is a global goal, which is looked after, and that is to punish France for its involvement in Middle-Eastern affairs, either Lebanon or the war between Iran and Iraq. And France is, at the same time, more visible than any other European actors, in Lebanon and in the Gulf.'
According to Moazi, the long French tradition of granting political asylum has made France more open and accessible to terrorist activities.
"In the past we have given, unfortunately, the impression, which was maybe a reality, of being less resolute in our treatment of terrorist action than, for example, the Israelis. So that combination of visibility, vulnerability, and lack of resolution has made us the ideal target of terrorists now. "
In a statement released today, President Francois Mitterand said, “The fight against terrorism is the business of the entire nation.” But despite the government's determination to combat terrorism, the question of how to do it remains unanswered. For National Public Radio, this is Melodie Walker in Paris.

第二節 詳細新聞 巴黎發生連續恐怖襲擊
今天在巴黎，一枚炸彈在警察總部發生爆炸，造成1人死亡，超過50人受傷。這是一周內第四次針對人員密集的公共目標發動的襲擊。一名警官昨天在從香榭麗舍大街愛麗舍宮的一家餐館拆除炸彈時被炸死。事件發生幾分鍾後，總理雅克希拉克宣布新的安全措施以遏製發生在法國的恐怖活動。梅洛迪沃克從巴黎報道。

一個自稱是“阿拉伯及中東囚徒團結委員會”的組織聲稱對最近發生在巴黎的一連串爆炸事件負責，另外在過去的一年曾對法國首都發動過另外10次攻擊。該委員會已在貝魯特向新聞機構發出訊息，威脅將繼續在巴黎發動炸彈襲擊，直到法國政府同意釋放三名關押在法國的受到實施恐怖罪名指控男子。其中一名被定罪的囚犯，喬治易卜拉汗阿卜杜拉，確信曾是黎巴嫩軍隊陣線領導人，涉嫌在1982年殺害美國駐巴黎武官。法國政府已正式宣布不會釋放這些囚犯。為應對在巴黎的多次襲擊，希拉克總理昨晚宣布了新的反恐措施：加強沿法國邊境的軍事巡邏，並從今天起，所有外國人都需要簽證才能進入法國。對歐洲共同市場成員國和瑞士公民將豁免簽證。但計劃訪問法國的美國人將需要在就近的法國領事館申請簽證。至少15天的期限，比如，加急簽證可以在法國機場和其他邊境檢查站獲得。近年來法國一直為本土的和境外的恐怖主義活動所困擾。在過去兩個星期，三名法國聯合國駐黎巴嫩維持和平部隊成員被遙控炸彈炸死。今天，法國呼籲聯合國安理會召開緊急會議，討論（維和）部隊的安全和職責。七名在貝魯特的法國人質是希拉克政府的關注焦點。多米尼克莫阿茲，法國國際關係研究所副所長說，在巴黎的爆炸案，對聯合國維和部隊的襲擊和劫持人質事件都是間接相關的。

“我認為是一個應該被看作是全球性的目標，這是在懲罰法國在中東事務上的介入，無論是黎巴嫩還是伊朗和伊拉克之間的戰爭。同時，在黎巴嫩和海灣地區法國比其他任何歐洲國家更出風頭。”

據莫阿茲的說法，長期提供政治庇護的法國傳統，使得法國更加開放，更容易被恐怖分子所利用。

“不幸的是，過去我們曾經得出印象可能會成為現實，由於我們不象，比如，以色列人那樣堅決地對待恐怖行動。所以出現了顯而易見的，脆弱的，缺乏決心的組織配合，使我們成了恐怖分子的理想目標了。”

今天發表的一份聲明中，總統法蘭克斯密特朗說，“打擊恐怖主義的鬥爭是全國性事務。”但是，盡管政府決心打擊恐怖主義，但如何做到這一點仍然沒有得到解決。美國公共廣播電台，這是梅洛迪沃克在巴黎報道。

（時任法國總統法蘭克斯密特朗 1916－1996 任期：1981-1995）


Section Three: Special Report
The United States Senate Intelligence Committee today released a report calling for sweeping changes in US security policies and counter-intelligence, its first unclassified assessment of recent spy cases. The Committee says the damage done has cost billions of dollars, threatening America's security as never before. NPR's David Malthus has the story.

The report states that the damage done from espionage and lax security is worse than anyone in the government has yet acknowledged publicly. It concludes that US military plans and capabilities have been seriously compromised, intelligence operations gravely impaired. US technological advantages have been overcome in some areas because of spying. And diplomatic secrets were exposed to adversaries. Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy is Vice-Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee.

"The national security is many times threatened more by this than by the buildup of Soviet arms, or the buildup of Soviet personnel, or breakthrough in weapon development."

The Committee report says foreign intelligence services have penetrated some of the most vital parts of US defense, intelligence, and foreign policy structures. The report cites a string of recent cases, including the Walker-Whitworth spy ring, which gave the Soviets the ability to decode at least a million military communications.

Despite some improvements by the Reagan Administration in security and tough talk over the last two years, the report also concludes that the administration has failed to follow through with enough specific steps to tighten security, and that its counter-intelligence programs have lacked the needed resources to be effective. Republican Dave Durenberger of Minnesota, Chairman of the Intelligence Committee, sums up the current situation this way:

"Too many secrets, too much access to secrets, too many spies, too little accountability for securing our national secrets, and too little effort given to combating the very real threat which spies represent to our national security. "

Senator Durenberger said the Committee found some progress has been made in toughening up security clearances for personnel, and some additional resources have been devoted to countering technical espionage, but he said much more needs to be done and he described the current security system as one "paralyzed by bureaucratic inertia." The Committee makes ninety-five specific recommendations, including greater emphasis on re-investigations of cleared personnel, a streamlined classification system, more money for counter-intelligence elements of the FBI, CIA and the military services, and tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hostile countries. The report cites FBI assessments on how extensively the Soviets use diplomatic cover to hide spying activity. There are twenty-one hundred diplomats, UN officials, and trade representatives from the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries living in the United States. And according to the FBI, 30% of them are professional intelligence officers. The Committee report also says the Soviet Union is effectively using United Nations organizations worldwide to conduct spying operations. It says approximately eight hundred Soviets work for UN agencies, three hundred of them in New York, and one fourth of those are working for the KGB or the Soviet military intelligence, the GRU. Next week, the Reagan Administration is to deliver to the Congress its classified report on counter-intelligence. I'm David Malthus in Washington.

(約翰沃克爾——沃克爾－惠特沃斯間諜網主犯之一)

第三節 特別報道 美國國家安全受到嚴重威脅
美國參議院情報委員會今天發表一份報告稱，要徹底對美國的安全和反情報政策作出改變，這是第一次未分類別地對最近的間諜案件的評估。該委員會說，這已造成數十億美元的損失，並已前所未有地威脅到美國的安全。美國公共廣播電台大衛馬爾薩斯進行報道。
報告指出，這種來自於間諜活動和鬆懈的安全措施的危害，比任何政府裏的人員所公開承認的還要糟糕。它的結論是，美國的軍事計劃在功效上受到嚴重的影響，情報活動嚴重受損。美國在一些領域的技術優勢由於間諜活動而被遏製。外交機密暴露給對手。佛蒙特州民主黨人帕特裏克萊希是參議院情報委員會副主席主席說，

“國家安全麵臨的威脅數倍於蘇聯軍力的增長，蘇聯人力的增加或在武器上的突破發展（所造成的）。”

委員會的報告說，外國情報機構已經滲透到美國國防，情報和外交政策架構的重要部門。該報告列舉了一連串最近發生的案件，其中包括沃克爾－惠特沃斯間諜網，這使蘇聯可以對至少一百萬條軍事通訊進行破譯。

盡管裏根政府在安全方麵做了一些改善而且過去兩年來一直在討論。報告還得出結論認為，裏根政府沒有采取足夠的具體步驟加強安全，而它的反間諜計劃缺乏必要的有效的。明尼蘇達的共和黨人戴夫達倫伯格，是情報委員會的主席，是這樣總結當前的形式的：

“太多的秘密，太多的竊密，太多的間諜，太少的確保我們的國家機密的問責製，太少的有效的打擊，使得間諜分子對我們的國家安全的真正威脅。”

參議員達倫伯格說，委員會看到在對人員加強安全甄別以及額外的用於對付技術間諜的資源等方麵取得的進展，但他說，還有更多的需要的工作要做，他形容目前的安全體係“因官僚惰性而癱瘓”。該委員會提出95項具體建議，包括重新審查和清理人員，精簡分類係統，為聯邦調查局，中央情報局和軍事情報機構增加更多的反間諜經費，更嚴格地管製敵意國家派來的外交使團。報告援引聯邦調查局對蘇聯如何廣泛地利用外交掩護進行隱密的諜報活動的評估。有2100名來自蘇聯及華沙條約國家的外交官，聯合國官員和貿易代表在美國生活。而根據美國聯邦調查局（的說法），其中30％是專業情報人員。該委員會的報告還指出，蘇聯有效地利用世界各地的聯合國組織進行間諜活動。報告說，大約800名蘇聯人為聯合國各機構工作，他們中的300人在紐約，其中四分之一是為克格勃或蘇聯軍事情報組織國防部軍事情報局工作。下周，美國裏根政府將向國會提交反間諜的密秘報告。我是大衛馬爾薩斯在華盛頓報道。

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