Emily M. Bender co-wrote the octopus paper.
Bender is a computational linguist at the University of Washington. She published the paper in 2020 with fellow computational linguist Alexander Koller. The goal was to illustrate what large language models, or LLMs — the technology behind chatbots like ChatGPT — can and cannot do. The setup is this:
Say that A and B, both fluent speakers of English, are independently stranded on two uninhabited islands. They soon discover that previous visitors to these islands have left behind telegraphs and that they can communicate with each other via an underwater cable. A and B start happily typing messages to each other.
Meanwhile, O, a hyperintelligent deep-sea octopus who is unable to visit or observe the two islands, discovers a way to tap into the underwater cable and listen in on A and B’s conversations. O knows nothing about English initially but is very good at detecting statistical patterns. Over time, O learns to predict with great accuracy how B will respond to each of A’s utterances.
Soon, the octopus enters the conversation and starts impersonating B and replying to A. This ruse works for a while, and A believes that O communicates as both she and B do — with meaning and intent. Then one day A calls out: “I’m being attacked by an angry bear. Help me figure out how to defend myself. I’ve got some sticks.” The octopus, impersonating B, fails to help. How could it succeed? The octopus has no referents, no idea what bears or sticks are. No way to give relevant instructions, like to go grab some coconuts and rope and build a catapult. A is in trouble and feels duped. The octopus is exposed as a fraud.
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Her black-and-red Stanford doctoral robe hung on a hook on the back of the office door. Tacked to a corkboard next to the window was a sheet of paper that read TROUBLE MAKER. She pulled off her bookshelf a copy of the 1,860-page Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. If you’re excited by this book, she said, you know you’re a linguist.
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the Funk & Wagnalls New Comprehensive International Dictionary of the English Language on a stand, and their cats, Euclid and Euler.
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She started giving tutorials like “100 Things You Always Wanted to Know About Linguistics But Were Afraid to Ask.”
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MIT) and Meredith Broussard (the author of Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World).
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You Are Not a Parrot
And a chatbot is not a human. And a linguist named Emily M. Bender is very worried what will happen when we forget this.
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