請教一個語法問題

For sculpture, the principal materials employed were glass and wrought iron, resulting in sculptural qualities even in architecture.

They used firebombs in several instances, causing heavy property damage.

請教一個語法問題,上麵兩句中,causing和 resulting in 是動名詞,修飾前半句話。請問這個語法結構是什麽?怎麽樣用英語表達這個語法結構?多謝!

所有跟帖: 

在這裏不是動名詞,是分詞。present participle. 什麽成分我搞不太清。 -妖妖靈- 給 妖妖靈 發送悄悄話 妖妖靈 的博客首頁 (148 bytes) () 01/06/2023 postreply 13:43:40

分詞或形容詞短語? -jianchi9090- 給 jianchi9090 發送悄悄話 jianchi9090 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 01/06/2023 postreply 16:15:16

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