Artist Raoul Hausmann's c. 1920 assemblage, Mechanical Head (The Spirit of Our Age), was meant to symbolize the empty spirit of the post-World War I era.
達達主義並非藝術流派，而是1916年至1923年間出現的藝術運動，一種無政府主義的藝術運動，它試圖通過廢除傳統的文化和美學形式發現真正的現實。達達主義的藝術家通過反美學的作品和抗議活動，來表達了他們對第一次世界大戰後社會現狀的絕望。
Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nature.
Dada artists felt the war called into question every aspect of a society capable of starting and then prolonging it – including its art. Their aim was to destroy traditional values in art and to create a new art to replace the old.
As the artist Hans Arp later wrote:
“Revolted by the butchery of the 1914 World War, we in Zurich devoted ourselves to the arts. While the guns rumbled in the distance, we sang, painted, made collages and wrote poems with all our might.”
In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and had political affinities with the radical left.
The founder of dada was a writer, Hugo Ball. In 1916 he started a satirical night-club in Zurich, the Cabaret Voltaire, and a magazine which, wrote Ball, ‘will bear the name ”Dada”. Dada, Dada, Dada, Dada.’ This was the first of many dada publications. Dada became an international movement and eventually formed the basis of surrealism in Paris after the war.
Leading artists associated with it include Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia and Kurt Schwitters. Duchamp’s questioning of the fundamentals of Western art had a profound subsequent influence.
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