英語基本翻譯技巧解析（ZT)

第一：要對翻譯的重要性有深刻的、充分的認識，翻譯的對與錯、好與壞有時會產生絕然不同的效果。例如，天涯海角：不是the End of the World (應為Land’s End / End of the Earth) 。再如，一小時內免費送機票上門：不是We give you tickets free of charge within one hour.（應為We offer free delivery of your air tickets within one hour after your booking confirmation.）

第二：要善於仔細地、深入地、準確地理解中文原文的意思。這是因為準確的理解是做好翻譯的前提。例如，摸著石頭過河：不是crossing the river by feeling the stones。(而是wade across the stream by feeling the way )正確的做法應該是按照下麵的步驟去做：

1.“摸著石頭過河”的字麵意思如何理解？

2.它有什麽暗含或延伸的意思？

3.英語(論壇)裏有沒有相同或類似的說法？.如果有，就可以直接借用；如果沒有，是進行直譯還是意譯？

4.如果直譯為 crossing the river by feeling the stones是否能被外國人理解？

5.過河是乘船過(crossing by boat)還是淌水過(wading across)，動詞用什麽形式？

6.這裏的河是大河、中河還是小河 (river, stream, brook, etc.)？

7.摸的方式是用手摸還是用腳觸？

8.石頭是大石頭還是小石頭(rock, stone, pebble, etc.)？

9.如果意譯為 learning by experiment / by trial and error是否可取？

10.直譯和意譯相結合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何？

第三：中文和英文的對應詞有時意思並不相同或者不完全相同，不能照字麵翻譯。例如，他的英語說得真好，就像外國人一樣。不是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a foreigner.而是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a native speaker.

拉動經濟增長：不是pull economic growth，而是push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speed up/accelerate/generate/ fire up/ propel/ facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素質教育：不是quality education，而是caliber-focused education 或trait-centered education。

第四：有時候中文字麵的意思表達不充分，部分信息被省略了或被隱藏起來了。例如，特區是個窗口，是技術的窗口，管理的窗口，知識的窗口，也是對外政策的窗口。不是：The special zone is a window. It is a widow for introducing technology, management and knowledge. It is also a window for foreign policy. 而是The special economic zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate China’s external policies.

再如，退耕還林：不是return farmland to forest，而應該是restore “woodland-converted farm-plots” back for afforesting 。春運：不是spring transportation，而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival。

第五：有些中文詞語沒有什麽特殊涵義，而與之相對應的英文詞語卻有著特殊的涵義。例如，與“便宜”、“價廉”相對應的“cheap,”它有時候會帶有貶義，成為“質次價低”的意，如cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furniture 等。我們可以說I bought a cheap watch for my child，對小孩無所謂；但不能說I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend. 因為這樣說會冒犯對方。在後一種情況下必須用inexpensive一詞。

第六：避免用中式英語進行表達，而要盡量用地道的英語進行表達。假如我們要把“我過去學過一些法語，但現在都忘了，都還給老師了”這句話翻譯成英語，最好不要說 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. I’ve returned it to the teacher. 比較好的說法是 I used to know some French, but I’ve forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.

再比如我們要用英語說“我攢了一大堆贓衣服，等著周末來洗，”最好不要說I have accumulated a large amount of dirty clothes. I’m going to wash them at the weekend. 比較好的說法是 I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend.

所有跟帖： 

• 有請各位翻譯高手老師們加入高見 -sportwoman- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/20/2012 postreply 05:01:05

• 請教：詩詞歌賦裏的賦字英語怎麽講？謝過！ -sportwoman- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/20/2012 postreply 05:46:39

• 賦是一種文體﹐英文詞用ESSAY較妥。 -海外逸士- ♂ (0 bytes) () 08/20/2012 postreply 10:01:47

• 海老師好！多謝海老師！我看見介紹你著作網站上麵你的照片了，你好帥！:D -sportwoman- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/20/2012 postreply 10:24:00

• Thanks for sharing. -EnLearner- ♂ (0 bytes) () 08/20/2012 postreply 19:57:36

• My honor! Good day Enlearner! -sportwoman- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/21/2012 postreply 04:55:21