英語詞匯:Optimism Vocabulary(音頻文字)

英語詞匯：Optimism Vocabulary（音頻文字）ZT

Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket?

If the answer is another 'no', you might call yourself an optimist.

But then, according to researchers at University College London, human beings are naturally sanguine creatures.

It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests it is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full, not half-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.

The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Being upbeat and having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100,000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease amongst optimists.

But there are pitfalls to always having an upbeat attitude. The authors of the study point out the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.

There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: "'Smoking Kills' messages don't work as people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental bias in the brain."

But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep.

Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!

Quiz 小測驗

1. What thing does the article mention as something an optimist would do?

To keep buying lottery tickets in spite of not winning.

2. Why do scientists say that having a tendency to be an upbeat individual is in the brain?

They found out that the brain is very efficient at processing good news.

3. What could be an advantage of being naturally sanguine?

It could reduce anxiety and be good for a person's health.

4. Why don't people stop smoking as soon as they learn that the habit can kill?

Because they are optimists by nature they think that the chances of them getting cancer are low.

5. What two everyday objects feature in phrases used to describe optimism?

A glass (to see the glass as half-full, not half-empty) and glasses (seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses).

Glossary 詞匯表 (收聽發音, 請單擊英語單詞)

• optimism 樂觀主義
• sanguine （正式用語）滿懷希望的
• to see the glass as half-full, not half-empty 表示同樣半杯水，樂觀的人覺得杯子是半滿， 悲觀的人覺得杯子是半空的。
• upbeat 樂觀的，歡快的
• to have a positive outlook on life 有一個積極的人生觀
• upbeat attitude 樂觀的態度

• to overestimate 過高估計
• in the face of 縱然，麵對，即使
• bias 偏見
• every cloud has a silver lining （喻）黑暗中總有一絲光明（原意：烏雲也有銀邊）
• to see the world through rose-tinted glasses （喻）把世界看得過於美好（原意：透過玫瑰色眼鏡看世界）
• to keep your chin up （喻）勇敢麵對困難（原意：抬起下巴，仰起頭）