Inactivated (killed) virus vaccines
Similar to attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines contain whole virus particles, but in this case without live genetic material. The RNA or DNA of the virus is usually destroyed chemically or by heat, leaving the immunogenic elements unaltered. These vaccines elicit an antibody-mediated immune response but usually not a cell-mediated one. This means that, although generally considered safer than live vaccines, the immunity conferred by inactivated vaccines is weaker. Adjuvants – molecules that stimulate the immune system – are often included with inactivated vaccines to give a stronger immune response.
https://www.intvetvaccnet.co.uk/blog/covid-19/vaccine-eight-types-being-tested
科興疫苗在二期臨床總結裏說:“我們的研究設計不包括對CD8細胞介質的免疫反應的評估。因為認為滅活疫苗不會誘導CD8 T細胞反應。"
https://www.thelancet.com/article/S1473-3099(20)30843-4/fulltext
