新冠病毒在2020-1-19之前進入美國的論文摘要

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新冠病毒在2020-1-19之前進入美國的論文摘要

Serologic testing of US blood donations to identify SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies: December 2019-January 2020

摘要

背景

導致COVID-19疾病的病毒，SARS-CoV-2，於2019年12月在中國武漢首次被發現，隨後在全球範圍內傳播。在2020年1月確定了第一個美國案例。

方法

為了確定2020年1月19日美國首次發現病例之前，血清中是否存在能與SARS-CoV-2病毒起反應的抗體，檢測了美國紅十字會的7389例常規獻血的殘留存檔樣品。這些血液樣品的采集時間從2019年12月13日至2020年1月19日，來自9個州的居民（加利福尼亞州，康涅狄格州，愛荷華州，馬薩諸塞州，密歇根州，俄勒岡州，羅德島州，華盛頓州和威斯康星州）。抗體檢測在CDC進行。內容包括通過酶聯免疫吸附法（ELISA），測定抗完整突刺蛋白的全免疫球蛋白（pan Ig），IgG和IgM ELISA，微量病毒中和測試，Ortho全抗體Ig S1 ELISA，以及受體結合結構域/ Ace2阻斷活性檢測。

結果

在7389個樣品中，有106個有泛Ig反應。在這106個樣本中，有90個樣品的量可供進一步測試。 90個中的84個具有病毒中和活性，1個具有S1結合活性，1個在受體結合結構域/ Ace2阻斷活性檢測中，具有 > 50％的活性。結果顯示，血樣中存在抗SARS-CoV-2的反應性抗體。這些含反應性抗體的樣品涵蓋所有九個州。

結論

這些發現表明，SARS-CoV-2可能已在2020年1月19日之前被引入美國。

Serologic testing of US blood donations to identify SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies: December 2019-January 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa1785, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1785 Published:30 November 2020

Abstract

Background

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, with subsequent worldwide spread. The first U.S. cases were identified in January 2020.

Methods

To determine if SARS-CoV-2 reactive antibodies were present in sera prior to the first identified case in the U.S. on January 19, 2020, residual archived samples from 7,389 routine blood donations collected by the American Red Cross from December 13, 2019 to January 17, 2020, from donors resident in nine states (California, Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin) were tested at CDC for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Specimens reactive by pan-immunoglobulin (pan Ig) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the full spike protein were tested by IgG and IgM ELISAs, microneutralization test, Ortho total Ig S1 ELISA, and receptor binding domain / Ace2 blocking activity assay.

Results

Of the 7,389 samples, 106 were reactive by pan Ig. Of these 106 specimens, 90 were available for further testing. Eighty four of 90 had neutralizing activity, 1 had S1 binding activity, and 1 had receptor binding domain / Ace2 blocking activity >50%, suggesting the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies. Donations with reactivity occurred in all nine states.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have been introduced into the United States prior to January 19, 2020.