1.Throat cancer risk factors
GENERAL
- Lack of fruits and vegetables: A diet low in fruits and vegetables can increase the likelihood of developing throat cancer.
LIFESTYLE
- Tobacco use: The use of cigarettes, pipes and cigars all increase the likelihood of developing throat cancer.
- Alcohol use: Excessive use of alcohol can increase your throat cancer risks.
OTHER CONDITIONS
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: New research has found that HPV infection is responsible for rising rates of throat cancer, in particular oropharyngeal cancer. Read about the recent increase in HPV-related cancers.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): When acid leaks from the stomach into the esophagus, it causes acid reflux. Chronic acid reflux is called GERD, and increases throat cancer risk depending on the frequency and severity of the acid reflux.
- Contracting epstein-barr virus (EBV): This common virus is transmitted via saliva. Contracting EBV increases the likelihood of developing throat cancer.
from: http://www.cancercenter.com/throat-cancer/risk-factors/?
2. THE GIST
- Chemicals in chlorinated swimming pools may cause asthma, respiratory problems and even cancer.
- There are alternatives to chlorine and methods for using less of it.
- You can do your part to help by taking a shower before you swim.
Swimming in a chlorinated pool may increase your risk of developing cancer, suggest a new suite of studies, which identified more than 100 chemical byproducts in pools that use chlorine as a disinfectant.
The work is too preliminary to suggest that people should stop swimming, said Manolis Kogevinas, an epidemiologist at the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona. The studies were small, and they found a rise in blood markers that have been associated with cancer -- not a rise in cancer itself.
Still, Kogevinas said, the findings suggest that people need to work harder to reduce everyone's exposure to chlorine.
"People should not be afraid of swimming, but we should get more research on whether there are better practices for disinfecting pools," Kogevinas said. "It's all a matter of costs and benefits."
Chlorine is really good at killing microbes in swimming pools. Over the years, though, scientists have become concerned about its possible health effects. In water, chlorine reacts with sweat, urine, skin cells and other organic materials to produce all sorts of chemical byproducts. In animal studies, some of those chemicals have been linked with asthma and bladder cancer.
from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
