抗抑鬱藥物與自殺
抗抑鬱藥會引起自殺是真的嗎?我曾經向精神科醫生請教過這個問題。以下是專業的解釋。
據臨床觀察,抑鬱症服藥自殺多發生於重度抑鬱症剛開始服藥時。重度抑鬱的患者有自殺念頭,但是因為抑鬱嚴重,使他們沒有精神、體力去執行自殺的行動。當藥物開始緩解抑鬱症狀時,患者首先在精力上有了進步,比以前有活力。此時,有些患者的自殺念頭還沒有消失。但由於精力的恢複,使這些患者有體力去計劃、實施自殺行動。目前沒有證據表明抗抑鬱藥會增加自殺的念頭。換句話說,沒有自殺想法的人,服用抗抑鬱藥,不會增加自殺的風險。所以,有自殺念頭的重度抑鬱患者,在用藥早期,需要密切隨訪、評估自殺風險,加強看護,直到病情平穩。
下麵是一些抑鬱與自殺的數據。可以看出自殺最首要的原因是還是抑鬱症本身沒有得到控製。
抑鬱與自殺
- 每2例他殺發生時,就有3例自殺發生。美國每年有30,000起有案可查的自殺。其中,逾2/3是由抑鬱症引起的。(1998,美國老年協會;1999,白宮)
- 老年人的自殺率比全國平均水平高50%。老年人自殺的原因,其2/3歸咎於抑鬱症未被治療或被誤診。(1998,美國老年協會)
- 年輕人自殺的首位原因就是抑鬱症沒有得到治療。在15-24歲和10-14歲青少年的死亡原因裏,自殺分別是第三、第四位的。15-24歲的男性有更高的自殺風險。因為同齡男女性自殺比例是7:1。(1996,美國自殺學協會)
數據來源:Depression Statistics/Depression and Suicide
- Depression is the cause of over two-thirds of the 30,000 reported suicides in the U.S. each year. (White House Conference on Mental Health, 1999)
- For every two homicides committed in the United States, there are three suicides. The suicide rate for older adults is more than 50% higher than the rate for the nation as a whole. Up to two-thirds of older adult suicides are attributed to untreated or misdiagnosed depression. (American Society on Aging, 1998)
- Untreated depression is the number one risk for suicide among youth. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in 15 to 24 year olds and the fourth leading cause of death in 10 to 14 year olds. Young males age 15 to 24 are at highest risk for suicide, with a ratio of males to females at 7:1. (American Association of Suicidology, 1996)
- The death rate from suicide (11.3 per 100,000 population) remains higher than the death rate for chronic liver disease, Alzheimer’s, homicide, arteriosclerosis or hypertension. (Deaths: Final Data for 1998, Center for Disease Control)