Sea Cucumber /Frondoside A /”Frondanol-A5P” 海參 /海參皂苷 /”芳耷醇-A5”
溫州老同學說, 你要吃海參, 我說, 為何, 還外加冬蟲夏草靈芝粉嗎? 至少我沒提生土豆汁.
微信群上火紅的熱, 讓我真不太理解. 不就是多年前在北卡經常買葷菜素吃的海黃瓜嗎? 能有啥新奇?
今天我終於有時間來向全世界的大爺大媽學西舊東西的新知識了. 把PUBMED 好好翻查了一遍. 以下是我的筆記加評注. 強調一下, 病人觀點, 你當真那就是你的錯了.
Mar Drugs. 2015 May 12;13(5):2909-23. doi: 10.3390/md13052909.
海參代謝產物強效抗癌藥物
Janakiram NB1, Mohammed A2, Rao CV3.
Author information
1Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. njanakir@ouhsc.edu.
2Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. amohamme@ouhsc.edu.
3Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. cv-rao@ouhsc.edu.
Abstract
Sea cucumbers and their extracts have gained immense popularity and interest among researchers and nutritionists due to their nutritive value, potential health benefits, and use in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Many areas of the world use sea cucumbers in traditional foods and folk medicine. Though the actual components and their specific functions still remain to be investigated, most sea cucumber extracts are being studied for their anti-inflammatory functions, immunostimulatory properties, and for cancer prevention and treatment. There is large scope for the discovery of additional bioactive, valuable compounds from this natural source. Sea cucumber extracts contain unique components, such as modified triterpene glycosides, sulfated polysaccharides, glycosphingolipids, and esterified phospholipids. Frondanol A5, an isopropyl alcohol/water extract of the enzymatically hydrolyzed epithelia of the edible North Atlantic sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, contains monosulfated triterpenoid glycoside Frondoside A, the disulfated glycoside Frondoside B, the trisulfated glycoside Frondoside C, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. We have extensively studied the efficacy of this extract in preventing colon cancer in rodent models. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-tumor properties of sea cucumber extracts.
KEYWORDS:
Frondanol A5; aberrant crypt foci; anti-inflammation; colon cancer; sea cucumber
[my note –
This is journal “marine drugs”, impact factor 2.8, written by 3 people from India. It is a review, so does not have any original data. 這是期刊“海洋藥物”，影響因子2.8，是由3人來自印度。它是綜述文章，所以沒有任何原始數據。
]
Mar Drugs. 2015 Mar; 13(3): 1202–1223.
海參皂苷抗癌活性
Dmitry L. Aminin, Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya, Evgeny A. Pisliagin, Alexandra S. Silchenko, Sergey A. Avilov, and Vladimir I. Kalinin*
Friedemann Honecker, Academic Editor and Sergey A. Dyshlovoy, Academic Editor
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mails: moc.liamtoh@ninima_d (D.L.A.); Email: moc.liamg@ayaksnihcnemaniretake (E.S.M.); Email: moc.liamtoh@nigaylsip (E.A.P.); Email: ur.liam@ardnaxelais (A.S.S.); Email: ur.liam@7591-voliva (S.A.A.)
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ur.ovd.cobip@vninilak; Tel.: +7-423-2-31-11-68; Fax: +7-423-2-31-40-50.
Author information ▼ Article notes ? Copyright and License information ?
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
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Abstract
Triterpene glycosides are characteristic secondary metabolites of sea cucumbers (Holothurioidea, Echinodermata). They have hemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and other biological activities caused by membranotropic action. These natural products suppress the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines in vitro and, more importantly, intraperitoneal administration in rodents of solutions of some sea cucumber triterpene glycosides significantly reduces both tumor burden and metastasis. The anticancer molecular mechanisms include the induction of tumor cell apoptosis through the activation of intracellular caspase cell death pathways, arrest of the cell cycle at S or G2/M phases, influence on nuclear factors, NF-κB, and up-down regulation of certain cellular receptors and enzymes participating in cancerogenesis, such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), Akt (protein kinase B), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases), FAK (focal adhesion kinase), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and others. Administration of some glycosides leads to a reduction of cancer cell adhesion, suppression of cell migration and tube formation in those cells, suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation and tumor invasion. As a result, marked growth inhibition of tumors occurs in vitro and in vivo. Some holothurian triterpene glycosides have the potential to be used as P-gp mediated MDR reversal agents in combined therapy with standard cytostatics.
Keywords: triterpene glycosides, sea cucumbers, antitumor activities, apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle
[my note –
This is also a review article, on the same journal “marine drug”, written by the Russian academy of science. They listed 13 different compounds (or class of compounds) found in sea cucumber, most of these are XXXXside. Philinopsides, patagonicoside, holothurin , echinosides, colohiroside , intercedenside , okhotosides , frondoside , stichoposides, holotoxins, cucumariosides, bivittoside , and holothurinoside . Enough name to give you migraine, I am sure. And they say almost everything in the list can cause “reduction of cell viability”. I was a lab worker, so I know exactly what that means – you add this XXXXside to cancer or transformed cells in culture dish, you end up with less cells than the dish without this XXXXside. But if you use sugar, salt, pepper, or turmeric, etc, etc, you can get just about the same result. So, I’d say, show me something.
這也是一個綜述文章，在同一期雜誌“海洋藥物”，是由俄國科學院。他們列出發現的13種海參不同的化合物（或一類化合物），其中大部分是XXXXside 苷。 Philinopsides，patagonicoside，海參素，echinosides，colohiroside，intercedenside，okhotosides，frondoside，stichoposides，holotoxins，cucumariosides，bivittoside和holothurinoside。足夠的名字給你偏頭痛，我敢肯定。他們說，幾乎所有在列表中可能會導致“降低細胞活力”。我曾是一名實驗室工作人員，所以我很清楚這意味著什麽 - 你在培養中，你最終以較少的細胞這個加XXXXside癌症或轉化的細胞皿, 比沒有加此XXXXside的皿. 但是，如果你使用的糖，鹽，胡椒，薑黃或者，等，等，就可以得到幾乎相同的結果。所以，我說，給我來點真東西。
PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e53087.
Frondoside A Suppressive Effects on Lung Cancer Survival, Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, Invasion, and Metastasis海參皂苷的 肺癌生存，腫瘤生長，血管生成，侵襲和轉移抑製效應
Samir Attoub,1,* Kholoud Arafat,1 An Gélaude,2 Mahmood Ahmed Al Sultan,1 Marc Bracke,2 Peter Collin,3 Takashi Takahashi,4 Thomas E. Adrian,5 and Olivier De Wever2
Srikumar P. Chellappan, Editor
1Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
2Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
3Coastside Bio Resources, Stonington, Maine, United States of America
4Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
5Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, United States of America
* E-mail: ea.ca.ueau@buotta.rimas
Competing Interests: Peter Collin is director, laboratory manager, employee and stock-holder of Coastside Bio Resources, a Maine, USA Corporation. Thomas Adrian and Peter Collin are co-inventors of a United States patent describing Frondoside A and other sea cucumber glycosides as putative anti-cancer agents, and may benefit financially if Frondoside A becomes a drug for human cancers. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
彼得·科林是主任，實驗室經理，員工和Coastside生物資源，緬因州，美國公司的股票持有人。托馬斯Adrian和彼得·科林的共同發明人的美國專利描述Frondoside A等海參甙作為公認的抗癌藥，並可能獲得經濟利益，如果Frondoside A成為一種藥物用於人類癌症。這不會改變作者的堅持對共享數據和資料全部PLOS ONE政策。
Conceived and designed the experiments: SA ODW. Performed the experiments: SA KA AG MAAS TEA. Analyzed the data: SA MB TEA ODW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PC TT. Wrote the paper: SA ODW TEA MB TT.
Abstract
A major challenge for oncologists and pharmacologists is to develop less toxic drugs that will improve the survival of lung cancer patients. Frondoside A is a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa and was shown to be a highly safe compound. We investigated the impact of Frondoside A on survival, migration and invasion in vitro, and on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo alone and in combination with cisplatin. Frondoside A caused concentration-dependent reduction in viability of LNM35, A549, NCI-H460-Luc2, MDA-MB-435, MCF-7, and HepG2 over 24 hours through a caspase 3/7-dependent cell death pathway. The IC50 concentrations (producing half-maximal inhibition) at 24 h were between 1.7 and 2.5 µM of Frondoside A. In addition, Frondoside A induced a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Frondoside A (0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day i.p. for 25 days) significantly decreased the growth, the angiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of LNM35 tumor xenografts in athymic mice, without obvious toxic side-effects. Frondoside A (0.1–0.5 µM) also significantly prevented basal and bFGF induced angiogenesis in the CAM angiogenesis assay. Moreover, Frondoside A enhanced the inhibition of lung tumor growth induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. These findings identify Frondoside A as a promising novel therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
[my note –
This is original research paper from a country called United Arab Emirates, published on PLOS One, a journal with JIF less than 3.5. Two of the co-authors have declared competing/ conflicting interests, because they are US patent owners of Frondoside A. Apparently, they could not or did not or choose to not to have the research work done in the United States, so there went international outsourcing. IC50 between 1.7 and 2.5 microM? Not good enough in my opinion, way too high. They found frondoside A to be anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-invasion and anti-migration, and also showed perfect tumor ‘regression’. Just about the perfect anti-cancer agent. So my question is why, why didn’t you have the work done in the US? What are you guys shy about?
What does competing/ conflicting interest mean? It means s/he has financial interest in something that whatever s/he says cannot be regarded as neutral.
這是一個被稱為阿聯酋的國家原創性研究論文, PLOS One期刊影響因子?3.5。兩位合作者宣布競爭/衝突的利益，因為他們是美國Frondoside A的專利所有者很顯然，他們不能或沒有或選擇不具有在美國所做的研究工作，使國際裏去了外包。非小細胞肺癌細胞 1.7和2.5微摩爾的IC50？不夠的，在我看來。他們發現frondoside是抗增生，抗血管生成，抗侵襲和抗遷移，同時也表現出完美的腫瘤'回歸'。幾乎完美的抗癌藥。所以我的問題是，為什麽，為什麽你沒有在美國完成的工作？什麽是你們避諱？
什麽是競爭/衝突的利益是什麽意思？這意味著他/她有經濟利益的東西，無論他/她說不能算是中性。說穿了, 就是自己為自己叫賣, 基本靠不住.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Apr; 132(3): 1001–1008.
Frondoside A inhibits breast cancer metastasis and antagonizes prostaglandin E receptors EP4 and EP2 海參皂苷的抑製乳腺癌轉移和拮抗前列腺素E受體EP4和EP2
Xinrong Ma, M.D.,1 Namita Kundu, Ph.D.,1,2 Peter D Collin, B.S.,3 Olga Goloubeva, Ph.D.,1,4 and Amy Fulton, PhD1,2,5,*
1University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
2Department of Pathology, University of Maryland
3Coastside Bio Resources, Stonington, ME
4Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
5Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
* Corresponding author: Email: ude.dnalyramu@notlufa; Tel: 410-706-6479; Fax:410-706-3260
Abstract
Frondoside A, derived from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa has demonstrable anticancer activity in several models, however, the ability of Frondoside A to affect tumor metastasis has not been reported. Using a syngeneic murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we now show that Frondoside A has potent antimetastatic activity. Frondoside A given i.p. to mice bearing mammary gland implanted mammary tumors, inhibits spontaneous tumor metastasis to the lungs. The elevated Cyclooxygenase -2 activity in many malignancies promotes tumor growth and metastasis by producing high levels of PGE2 which acts on the prostaglandin E receptors, chiefly EP4 and EP2. We examined the ability of Frondoside A to modulate the functions of these EP receptors. We now show that Frondoside A antagonizes the prostaglandin E receptors EP2 and EP4. 3H-PGE2 binding to recombinant EP2 or EP4-expressing cells was inhibited by Frondoside A at low μM concentrations. Likewise, EP4 or EP2-linked activation of intracellular cAMP as well as EP4-mediated ERK1/2 activation were also inhibited by Frondoside A. Consistent with the antimetastatic activity observed in vivo, migration of tumor cells in vitro in response to EP4 or EP2 agonists was also inhibited by Frondoside A. These studies identify a new function for an agent with known antitumor activity, and show that the antimetastatic activity may be due in part to a novel mechanism of action. These studies add to the growing body of evidence that Frondoside A may be a promising new agent with potential to treat cancer and may also represent a potential new modality to antagonize EP4.
Keywords: Frondoside A, prostaglandin EP receptor, EP4, EP2, metastasis
[my note –
This is a small project done by a Chinese medical doctor by the name Ma xinrong at the University of Maryland. S/he found frondoside A to have ‘potent antimetastatic activity’ when tested in breast cancer cells ‘at low μM concentrations’. According to my understanding of how drug discovery works now days, you call inhibition at nM concentrations potent, not μM concentrations. ‘May be a promising new agent with potential to treat cancer’ – well I don’t see anything promising.
這是由名叫馬鑫榮中國醫師在馬裏蘭大學所做的一個小項目。他/她發現frondoside一個有當在乳腺癌細胞中檢測“有效的抗轉移活性''在低μM濃度”。據我如何藥物發現現在工作日內理解，你叫抑製在nanoM濃度的強效，不microM的濃度。 差1000倍呢. “可能是潛在的治療癌症的有前途的新物” - 我看不出有什麽前途。馬鑫榮醫師現在無公開檔案, 在美國醫界或學術界已消失.
]
Pancreas 2010 Jul;39(5):646-52
Anti-pancreatic cancer effects of a polar extract from the edible sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa. 從食用海參，Cucumaria frondosa的極性提取物的抗胰腺癌的效果。
Alexandra B Roginsky, Xian-Zhong Ding, Carl Woodward, Michael B Ujiki, Brahmchetna Singh, Richard H Bell, Peter Collin, Thomas E Adrian
Department of Surgery and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
To investigate the effects and mechanism of Frondanol-A5P, a polar extract from Cucumaria frondosa, on growth inhibition and apoptosis in S2013 and AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells.
The effects of Frondanol-A5P on proliferation, cell cycle, expression of cell cycle proteins and p21, phosphorylation of MAP kinases, annexin V binding, and caspase-3 activation were examined.
Frondanol-A5P inhibited proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in both cell lines with decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cdc25c. Frondanol-A5P induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase and Janus kinase (SAPK/JAK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) within 5 minutes. Frondanol-A5P markedly increased expression of p21 messenger RNA and protein at 3 hours in both cell lines. This effect was reduced by the p38 kinase inhibitor, SB203580. Frondanol-A5P markedly increased annexin V binding and activated caspase-3.
Frondanol-A5 causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. These changes are associated with decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, and cdc25c and increased expression of p21 that, at least in part, is mediated by a p38 kinase-dependent mechanism. Because Frondanol-A5P is derived from an edible, nontoxic, sea cucumber, it may be valuable for nutritional therapy or prevention of pancreatic cancer.
[my note –
The author Dr Alexandra B Roginsky, now Alexandra B Roginsky-Tsesis, MD, a surgeon, was working with a PhD researcher Thomas E Adrian at Northwestern University when she did this research on Frondanol-A5P. Thomas E Adrian is a professor at U. A. E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates, and his name is mentioned in another paper in this same summary as to have competing interest in frondoside research as he is owner of some patent and investment. So my guess is that he was working as a visiting professor at Northwestern University, and Dr Alexandra B Roginsky was his employee or collaborator. This small lab work was testing the killing of pancreatic cancer cells using purified frondoside A (or as they called it Fraondanol-A5P in this paper). Conclusion of their simple tests was ‘Frondanol-A5P is derived from an edible, nontoxic, sea cucumber, it may be valuable for nutritional therapy or prevention of pancreatic cancer.” Bravo, cancer prevention, yea, I agree, Dr. Roginsky-Tsesis.
A picture of Professor Thomas E. Adrian as seen on his Facebook page, seems a very nice guy with a beautiful wife 托馬斯·阿德裏安教授看在他的臉書頁麵上的圖畫，似乎是一個非常不錯的家夥，一個美麗的妻子 - –
Thomas E. Adrian updated his profile picture.
作者 Dr亞曆山德拉Roginsky，現在 Dr. 亞曆山德拉Roginsky-Tsesis，外科醫生，是研究員托馬斯·Adrian博士學工作在西北大學做研究Frondanol-A5P時，她參加這樣。托馬斯·Adrian是在阿聯酋大學，艾因，阿拉伯聯合酋長國的教授，他的名字被提及的另一篇論文在這同一個總結為在frondoside研究競爭和衝突的興趣，因為他是一些專利和投資業主。所以我的猜測是，他擔任美國西北大學的客座教授，並 Dr. 亞曆山德拉Roginsky是他的雇員或合作者。這個小實驗工作是測試用純化frondoside胰腺癌細胞的殺傷（或他們稱之為Fraondanol-A5P本文）。結論的簡單測試是“Frondanol-A5P是從可食，無毒，海參來源，它可能是營養治療或預防胰腺癌的價值。”布拉沃，預防癌症，是的，我同意，Dr. Roginsky，Tsesis 。
J Med Food. 2008 Sep;11(3):443-53. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0530.
Immunomodulatory properties of frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from the North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa.
Aminin DL1, Agafonova IG, Kalinin VI, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Stonik VA, Collin PD, Woodward C.
Author information
1Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
Abstract
Frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, possesses strong immunomodulatory properties in subtoxic doses. Frondoside A stimulates lysosomal activity of mouse macrophages in vivo at a maximal effective stimulatory dose of 0.2 microg per mouse and is maintained over 10 days. This glycoside also shows a 30% stimulation of lysosomal activity in mouse macrophages in vitro at concentrations of 0.1-0.38 microg/mL. Frondoside A enhances macrophage phagocytosis of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates reactive oxygen species formation in macrophages in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates an increase in the number of antibody plaque-forming cells (normally B-cells in spleen) in vivo with a maximal stimulatory effect at a concentration of 0.2 microg per mouse (stimulatory index, 1.86). Frondoside A has a weak effect upon immunoglobulin (Ig) M production after immunization with sheep erythrocytes in mice. Frondoside A does not stimulate Ig production in mice and does not significantly enhance the ovalbumin-stimulated IgM and IgG antibody levels in ovalbumin-immunized mice. Hence frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity including phagocytosis without a significant effect on amplification of humoral immune activity or adjuvant properties. Therefore, frondoside A may provide curative and/or preventive treatment options against diseases wherein a depleted immune status contributes to the pathological processes.
[my note-
The author Aminin DL is the same guy in another review paper mentioned above. He is a researcher in the Russian academy of science. His claim in this paper is that sea cucumber extract frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity such as phagocytosis, so he postulated that using frontoside A maybe good for preventing diseases including cancer.
筆者Aminin DL是同一個人在上麵提到的另一個綜述性論文。他是在科學的俄國學院的研究員。他在該文的主張是，海參提取物frondoside A是基於細胞的免疫力，如吞噬免疫刺激劑，因此他推測，使用frontoside用於預防疾病，包括癌症。也許不錯。
]
My concluding remarks
OK, that’s just above all the data on sea cucumber extract Frondoside A out there in the public domain. What do I think? First of all, there is no ground breaking kind of research study on this natural compound. All the papers I could find are on 3rd class journals with journal impact factor below 4. What are these journals for in the academic world? I’d say, these journals don’t usually reject too many submitted manuscripts, in other words, their standard is not that high, and they are really useful when people need quantity of research papers for academic or professional rank promotion.
The one common conclusion I can derive from above Russian, Arabian, Indian and Chinese researchers, is that sea cucumber extract frondoside A can kill or stump growth of cancer cells in laboratory, when used at microM concentration.
Big deal, I’ll say. At microM concentration, many compounds from many plants, animals, and microbes can kill many cancer cells. Unless, some genius can take this frondoside A, then modify and refine its chemical structure so that it can become at least 100 times more potent and still safe, I don’t see any meaningful cancer therapy agent coming from our beloved food sea cucumber. I mean you can eat as much cucumber as you can and I agree it is a decent food and may even help you prevent diseases including cancer, but if you believe eating cucumber is going to shrink your tumor or cure your cancer, you are doomed, IMHO.
So why are people so excited at such an ordinary experiment finding? I blame these people and things
- Media people: I saw a news clip on FOX news, some celebrity female news anchor interviewing some celebrity book author, making wild claim of sea cucumber for curing pancreatic cancer, bla bla. Oh God, they know nothing what they are talking about. My advice to them – hey, you guys looking pretty and handsome and very healthy, so just stay healthy and cancer free, no need for you to worry about other people’s cancer.
- Money people or money-driven people. Imagine, if I have a US patent, what will I do? I want the world to know how good my invention is and then the smart wolves will invest big $ in me, right? But my guess is, that hasn’t happened yet, because nothing is promising in the frondoside A business, and I am sure Professor Adrian knows it. It’s not potent enough. Or shall I say, it’s impotent!
- Fame or fame-addicted people. You see, Northwestern University is a pretty good university in the US, and their cancer hospital (Northwestern Memorial Hospital) is ranked #16 just behind #15 University of Colorado Hospital. Professor Adrian must also be a very smart guy.
- Ignorant people, I have to say, we all are ignorant people, especially we cancer patients.
我的結語，
好吧，這隻是上麵海參的所有數據中提取Frondoside一個赫然出現在公共領域。我現在想什麽？首先，沒有突破性的一種研究性學習對這種自然化合物。所有的文件我能找到的關於三流期刊與期刊影響因子低於4.在學術界這些期刊的？我會說，這些期刊通常不會拒絕太多提交手稿，換句話說，他們的標準並不高，他們是真正有用的，當人們需要的研究論文數量為的學術或專業職級晉升的。
我可以從上麵的俄羅斯，阿拉伯，印度和中國的研究人員得出一個共同的結論，是海參提取液frondoside A在微摩爾濃度使用時, 可以殺死或抑製實驗室癌細胞的，增長。
大了不起，我會說。在微摩爾濃度，許多植物，動物和微生物許多化合物可以殺死很多癌細胞。除非，一些天才可以借此frondoside A，然後修改並完善其化學結構，使其能成為至少100倍更有效，仍然安全，我沒有看到我們心愛的食物海參任何有意義的癌症治療劑的到來。我的意思是，您可以和我同意這是一個體麵的食物，甚至可以幫助你預防疾病，包括癌症，你可以吃多少海黃瓜，但如果你相信吃海黃瓜是要縮小你的腫瘤或治愈你的癌症，你注定撲空，恕我直言。
那麽，為什麽人們如此興奮對這樣一個很普通的實驗發現？我責怪這些人與事
- 媒體人：我看到了福克斯新聞網的新聞片段，一名人的女新聞主播采訪一名人書的作者，製作海參野生用於治療胰腺癌，喇嘛喇嘛。哦，上帝，他們什麽都不知道自己在說什麽。我給他們的建議 - 嘿，你們這些家夥顯得很帥氣，非常健康，所以才保持健康和癌症免的，不需要你擔心其他人的癌症。
- 錢的人或資金推動型的人。試想一下，如果我有一個美國專利，我該怎麽辦？我想讓世界知道有多好，我的發明是再聰明的狼將投資大$對我，對吧？但我的猜測是，還沒有發生的，因為沒有什麽是有前途的frondoside，我肯定阿德裏安教授知道這一點。這不是有效的不夠。或者我應該說，這是無能無力的東西！
- 成名或名氣成癮的人。你看，西北大學是美國一個非常好的大學，而他們的癌症醫院（西北紀念醫院）的排名是＃16僅落後＃15 科羅拉多大學醫院。阿德裏安教授還是一個非常聰明的家夥。
- 無知的人，我必須說，我們都是無知的人，特別是我們的癌症患者。
