. To get an unbiased handle on the plausible mechanism(s) of NUCKS action, we performed a genome-wide ChIP-seq for NUCKS in primary hepatocytes. We successfully mapped 25 mln reads to the mm9 genome and detected NUCKS binding at 10,203 sites, 60% of which were located in the proximity of a transcription start site (TSS) (Figure 4A). The peaks of NUCKS occupancy were often broad, with some around 1 kb (Figure 4B), suggesting that multiple NUCKS molecules could bind cooperatively to the same genomic loci. Gene Ontology and signaling pathway analyses of NUCKS-bound genes revealed that 16 of the top 20 pathways were metabolic and biosynthetic processes and that the insulin signaling pathway was represented with high significance in the top categories, with cytokine secretion/signaling being the other most prominent module (Figures 4C and 4D). We also performed de novo motif discovery to identify specific sequences bound by NUCKS (Figure 4E). Interestingly, we identified motifs resembling those bound by SP1, which has been previously shown to be involved in the regulation of the IR (Brunetti et al., 2001, Foti et al., 2003, Foti et al., 2005). Since ChIP sequencing revealed that NUCKS bound the TSS of a few members of the insulin signaling pathway (Table S3), we validated the ChIP data and also checked whether NUCKS binding to these genes regulates their expression. Indeed, NUCKS could bind the promoter regions of a few genes in the insulin pathway, including IRβ, IRS1, IRS2, and PDK1 (Figure 4F). These results suggest that NUCKS-mediated regulation of key insulin signaling genes like IR and some other targets like PDK1, Rictor, and Deptor contributes to the metabolic phenotype of the NUCKS KO mice.