1. 埃博拉在人體外脆弱：幹燥環境中僅能生存數小時。但若在室溫環境下且體液未幹，則可存活數天;
2. 雖然潛伏期為2-21天，但多數人是8-10天;
3. 一旦症狀出現，則病人隻有6-16天時間決定生死;
4. 一旦僥幸存活，則可以至少免疫10年。但不同毒株是否也能免疫依然未知。
*** 即便保護裝置全副武裝也不能有任何一刻的疏忽。 ***
(CNN) -- The nurse in Texas seemed to have taken all the precautions needed to protect herself from Ebola.
She wore a mask, gown, shield and gloves. Her patient, a man who contracted the virus in Africa, was in isolation at the Dallas hospital where she worked.
And yet the woman, whose name has not been released, still contracted Ebola, marking the first known transmission in the United States. The nurse is "clinically stable," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director Dr. Tom Frieden said at a news conference Monday.
Meanwhile, a nurse in Spain with Ebola continues to fight for her life after treating an Ebola patient in that country. She is in critical condition and 50 medical professionals are caring for her, Spanish authorities said Monday.
......How did it happen?
On Monday morning, an official with direct knowledge of the Texas nurse's case told CNN that CDC disease detectives have interviewed the Texas nurse several times and think there were "inconsistencies" in the type of personal protective gear she wore and with the process used to put the gear on and remove it.
The nurse who tested positive for the virus worked at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas.
Frieden said the CDC is considering several ways that breach may have happened, including whether the infection occurred when the protective equipment was removed or when the patient, Thomas Eric Duncan, received kidney dialysis or respiratory intubation.
Those procedures were "a desperate measure to try to save his life," Frieden said. "Both of those procedures may spread contaminated materials and are considered high-risk procedures."
He said, "When you have potentially soiled or contaminated gloves or masks or other things, to remove those without any risk of any contaminated material ... touching you and being then on your clothes or face or skin ... is not easy to do right."
......
'The time to act is long overdue'
The country's largest nursing organization, National Nurses United, surveyed 2,000 members. Of them, 76% said their hospitals hasn't communicated any policy about how to admit Ebola-infected patients. And 85% said their hospitals haven't provided education on Ebola where the nurses can interact and ask questions.
Nurses "are alarmed at the inadequate preparation they see at their hospitals," said the group's executive director, RoseAnn DeMoro.
"The time to act is long overdue," she said.
來源:
http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/13/health/ebola-nurse-how-could-this-happen/index.html
http://online.wsj.com/articles/new-york-health-system-opts-for-who-ebola-protocol-1413145347
CDC的指導---穿與脫PPE步驟:
