原癌基因和腫瘤抑製基因是細胞生長的油門與刹車

原癌基因（proto-oncogene) 普遍存在於正常細胞中，有它們正常的作用。

致癌基因（oncogene) 由原癌基因突變而來，是顯性基因（一對染色體上一個出問題就有麻煩）。這個相當於細胞分裂的油門（通過表達的蛋白起作用）。

腫瘤抑製基因是隱性基因（一對染色體上兩個都不好使才會出問題）。這個相當於細胞分裂的刹車（通過表達的蛋白起作用）。你把它剪掉了豈不是要得癌症？

一個例子：ras oncogene (ras 致癌基因）：它對應的ras 蛋白有189個氨基酸， 是細胞分裂的油門。如果第12/61個氨基酸編碼突變，就成了致癌基因（油門常開）。例如k-ras 已知與腸癌有關。




再看一個例子：腫瘤抑製基因  p53。 從下圖它的作用可以想象突變的後果。

Oncogene (2003) 22, 9030–9040. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207116

Control of apoptosis by p53

Jordan S Fridman^1,3 and Scott W Lowe²

1. ¹Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19880
2. ²Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA

Correspondence: SW Lowe, E-mail: [e-mail]

³Current address: Incyte Corporation, Newark, DE 19711, USA

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Abstract

The p53 tumor suppressor acts to integrate multiple stress signals into a series of diverse antiproliferative responses. One of the most important p53 functions is its ability to activate apoptosis, and disruption of this process can promote tumor progression and chemoresistance. p53 apparently promotes apoptosis through transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms that act in concert to ensure that the cell death program proceeds efficiently. Moreover, the apoptotic activity of p53 is tightly controlled, and is influenced by a series of quantitative and qualitative events that influence the outcome of p53 activation. Interestingly, other p53 family members can also promote apoptosis, either in parallel or in concert with p53. Although incomplete, our current understanding of p53 illustrates how apoptosis can be integrated into a larger tumor suppressor network controlled by different signals, environmental factors, and cell type. Understanding this network in more detail will provide insights into cancer and other diseases, and will identify strategies to improve their therapeutic treatment.

Keywords: 

P73, P53, P63, apoptosis, tumor suppressor

所有跟帖： 

• LZ認真執著表揚一下 -ONCOCIDIA- ♂ (136 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 15:22:48

• 謝謝。 -26484915- ♂ (124 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 15:28:41

• 是這個意思。 見自然雜誌文章。 -26484915- ♂ (406 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 16:28:40

• 很佩服華山的知識和直著，也讚一個 -QYZ- ♂ (0 bytes) () 10/01/2014 postreply 07:56:16

• 所以說我提到的敲掉癌基因的作法僅僅可以做研究，不能成為治療的方法，是這個意思嗎？ -吃與活- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 16:19:59

• 是啊。有這個意思。 -26484915- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 16:22:56

• 學習了，謝謝! -吃與活- ♂ (0 bytes) () 09/30/2014 postreply 17:32:55