美加因肺癌死亡人數比例比中國高的原因？

來源: 26484915 於 2014-08-18 10:42:39 [檔案] [博客] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 本文已被閱讀：次 (8934 bytes)

本文內容已被 [ 26484915 ] 在 2014-08-18 13:07:15 編輯過。如有問題，請報告版主或論壇管理刪除.

10萬人口肺癌死亡人數世界排名（WHO數據）：美國比中國高。為什麽？

1.	Hungary	51.4
2.	Serbia/Monten.	42.4
3.	Maldives	42.1
4.	Poland	41.9
5.	Armenia	39.3
6.	Denmark	39.2
7.	Netherlands	36.6
8.	Croatia	35.7
9.	United States	35.4
10.	Cuba	33.8
11.	Canada	33.7
12.	China	33.5
13.	Belgium	32.7
14.	Czech Republic	31.6
15.	Slovenia	31.6

研究表明，吸煙，氡氣是導致肺癌的第一第二大原因。其他原因包括石棉，家族病史等。俺家買房子的時候測量是合格的。但是那個測試時是可以作弊的。俺自己測的結果是地下室5-6 pCi/L，一樓 <1 pCi/L。安裝了排氡氣係統後，地下室降到 < 2 pCi/L. 一樓降到大氣平均值。

中國的房子很少有地下室，我的猜測是氡氣應該不是導致肺癌的因素。而氡氣在美國是一個主要危險因素。

CDC: Research has found several risk factors for lung cancer. A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of getting a disease.

Examples of risk factors for lung cancer include—

Smoking tobacco and being around others' smoke.
Exposures at home or work (such as radon gas or asbestos).
Personal history (such as having radiation therapy or a family history of lung cancer).

We know a lot about risk factors, but they don't tell us everything. Some people who get cancer don't seem to have any known risk factors. Other people have one or more risk factors and do not get cancer. If a person has several risk factors and develops lung cancer, we don’t know how much each risk factor contributed to the cancer.

因為氡氣在裂變過程中會產生電離輻射，因此沒有一個絕對安全的數值。

在美國，大氣中的氡氣含量是 0.4 pCi/L (picocurie/L), 室內的平均值為 1.3 pCi/L。EPA 的標準是如果房子內氡氣含量超過4.0 pCi/L （148 Bq/m³ ），就一定要采取措施降低。如果高於 2.0 pCi/L，就建議采取措施。

Health Canada recommends that the higher the radon concentration, the sooner you should take steps to remediate the issue.

Over 600 Bq/m³ - Remediate within 1 year
Between 200 and 600 Bq/m³ - Remediate within 2 years
200 Bq/m³ and below - No action required

The World Health Organization

The WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective indicates that radon exposure is a major and growing public health threat in homes and recommends that countries adopt reference levels of the gas of 100 Bq/m3 which is equivalent to 2.7 pCi/L.

（換算： 1 pCi/L = 37 Bq/m³ ； 10 pCi/L = 一天抽一包煙（20枝））

依照美國的標準，即使你的屋內氡氣含量達標但接近 4 pCi/L, 也相當於一天抽半包煙。

美國的氡氣分布圖：