不過也有安全問題，你自己研究一下。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/353033.htm
藥用價值編輯
近年來藥理學家發現，紅曲入藥，是一種出色的降血脂、降血壓天然藥物。在李時珍主編的巨著《本草綱紅曲黴菌目》一書中即收載有若幹個含有紅曲成分的治病良方。中國中科院研究人員開發的以紅曲為原料的降脂新藥“樂脂平”，療效可與美國公司開發的他汀類降脂藥物媲美，國外稱之為“中國他汀”。此外，紅曲黴衍生物還有很強抗氧化兼抗癌作用。隨著科學家對紅曲黴的生理及藥理作用的認識不斷深入，古老的紅曲有望成為重要的新藥來源。
1995年，法國人Blanc博士證實紅曲黴菌產生真菌毒素—桔黴素(Citrinin) ，至此，紅曲紅的食用安全性受到挑戰。桔黴素是一種真菌毒素，具有腎毒性，毒性比較明顯，可引起實驗動物的腎髒腫大、尿量增多，腎小管擴張和上皮細胞變性壞死等症狀。桔黴素的生成與否及其含量與紅曲黴菌種、培養條件、精製工藝等因素有關。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_yeast_rice
Red yeast rice and drugs
In the late 1970s, researchers in the United States and Japan were isolating lovastatin from Aspergillus and monacolins from Monascus, respectively, the latter being the same fungus used to make red yeast rice but cultured under carefully controlled conditions. Chemical analysis soon showed that lovastatin and monacolin K are identical. The article "The origin of statins" summarizes how the two isolations, documentations and patent applications were just months apart.[5] Lovastatin became the patented, prescription drug Mevacor for Merck & Co. Red yeast rice went on to become a contentious non-prescription dietary supplement in the United States and other countries.
Lovastatin and other prescription "statin" drugs inhibit cholesterol synthesis by blocking action of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. As a consequence, circulating total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol are lowered. In a meta-analysis of 91 randomized clinical trials of ≥12 weeks duration, totaling 68,485 participants, LDL-cholesterol was lowered by 24-49% depending on the statin.[6] Different strains of Monascus fungus will produce different amounts of monacolins. The 'Went' strain of Monascus purpureus (purpureus = dark red in Latin), when properly fermented and processed, will yield a dried red yeast rice powder that is approximately 0.4% monacolins, of which roughly half will be monacolin K (identical to lovastatin). Monacolin content of a red yeast rice product is described in a 2008 clinical trial report.[7]
Safety
The safety of red yeast rice products has not been established, and some commercial supplements have been found to contain high levels of the toxin citrinin.[21] As commercial products will have highly variable amounts of monacolins,[21] and rarely declare this content on the label, defining risk is difficult. Ingredient suppliers have also been suspected of "spiking" red yeast rice preparations with purified lovastatin. As evidence, one published analysis reported several commercial products as being almost entirely monacolin K - which would occur if the drug lovastatin was added - rather than the expected composition of many monacolin compounds.[8] Statin drugs are known to cause muscle and liver damage. Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis can lead to kidney damage and possibly kidney failure (renal failure). This is why they are prescription drugs rather than over-the-counter, and with recommendations that the patients' physicians schedule liver function tests on a regular basis. There are many case reports in the literature of muscle myopathy and liver damage resulting from red yeast rice usage.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In 2009 Becker et al. reported on a U.S. trial that enrolled 62 patients with known statin-associated myalgias. Half got a RYR product (3600 mg/day, 13 mg monacolins, 6 mg monacolin k) for 24 weeks; and half were administered a placebo. In the treated group, LDL-cholesterol declined 21%. Two patients dropped out because of myalgia, 1 for diarrhea, and 1 for dizziness. In the placebo group, one dropped out for myalgia. Creatine phosphokinase increased slightly in the treated group (from 122 to 128 IU/L) versus decreasing with placebo (117 to 101 IU/L), but the shifts were not statistically significant. For those having completed the trial, subjective muscle pain scores were similar for the two groups.[29]
http://baike.baidu.com/view/353033.htm
藥用價值編輯
近年來藥理學家發現，紅曲入藥，是一種出色的降血脂、降血壓天然藥物。在李時珍主編的巨著《本草綱紅曲黴菌目》一書中即收載有若幹個含有紅曲成分的治病良方。中國中科院研究人員開發的以紅曲為原料的降脂新藥“樂脂平”，療效可與美國公司開發的他汀類降脂藥物媲美，國外稱之為“中國他汀”。此外，紅曲黴衍生物還有很強抗氧化兼抗癌作用。隨著科學家對紅曲黴的生理及藥理作用的認識不斷深入，古老的紅曲有望成為重要的新藥來源。
1995年，法國人Blanc博士證實紅曲黴菌產生真菌毒素—桔黴素(Citrinin) ，至此，紅曲紅的食用安全性受到挑戰。桔黴素是一種真菌毒素，具有腎毒性，毒性比較明顯，可引起實驗動物的腎髒腫大、尿量增多，腎小管擴張和上皮細胞變性壞死等症狀。桔黴素的生成與否及其含量與紅曲黴菌種、培養條件、精製工藝等因素有關。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_yeast_rice
Red yeast rice and drugs
In the late 1970s, researchers in the United States and Japan were isolating lovastatin from Aspergillus and monacolins from Monascus, respectively, the latter being the same fungus used to make red yeast rice but cultured under carefully controlled conditions. Chemical analysis soon showed that lovastatin and monacolin K are identical. The article "The origin of statins" summarizes how the two isolations, documentations and patent applications were just months apart.[5] Lovastatin became the patented, prescription drug Mevacor for Merck & Co. Red yeast rice went on to become a contentious non-prescription dietary supplement in the United States and other countries.
Lovastatin and other prescription "statin" drugs inhibit cholesterol synthesis by blocking action of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. As a consequence, circulating total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol are lowered. In a meta-analysis of 91 randomized clinical trials of ≥12 weeks duration, totaling 68,485 participants, LDL-cholesterol was lowered by 24-49% depending on the statin.[6] Different strains of Monascus fungus will produce different amounts of monacolins. The 'Went' strain of Monascus purpureus (purpureus = dark red in Latin), when properly fermented and processed, will yield a dried red yeast rice powder that is approximately 0.4% monacolins, of which roughly half will be monacolin K (identical to lovastatin). Monacolin content of a red yeast rice product is described in a 2008 clinical trial report.[7]
Safety
The safety of red yeast rice products has not been established, and some commercial supplements have been found to contain high levels of the toxin citrinin.[21] As commercial products will have highly variable amounts of monacolins,[21] and rarely declare this content on the label, defining risk is difficult. Ingredient suppliers have also been suspected of "spiking" red yeast rice preparations with purified lovastatin. As evidence, one published analysis reported several commercial products as being almost entirely monacolin K - which would occur if the drug lovastatin was added - rather than the expected composition of many monacolin compounds.[8] Statin drugs are known to cause muscle and liver damage. Statin-associated rhabdomyolysis can lead to kidney damage and possibly kidney failure (renal failure). This is why they are prescription drugs rather than over-the-counter, and with recommendations that the patients' physicians schedule liver function tests on a regular basis. There are many case reports in the literature of muscle myopathy and liver damage resulting from red yeast rice usage.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In 2009 Becker et al. reported on a U.S. trial that enrolled 62 patients with known statin-associated myalgias. Half got a RYR product (3600 mg/day, 13 mg monacolins, 6 mg monacolin k) for 24 weeks; and half were administered a placebo. In the treated group, LDL-cholesterol declined 21%. Two patients dropped out because of myalgia, 1 for diarrhea, and 1 for dizziness. In the placebo group, one dropped out for myalgia. Creatine phosphokinase increased slightly in the treated group (from 122 to 128 IU/L) versus decreasing with placebo (117 to 101 IU/L), but the shifts were not statistically significant. For those having completed the trial, subjective muscle pain scores were similar for the two groups.[29]
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