http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/targeted
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-treating-targeted-therapies
What are some other targeted therapies?
.......舉例:
- Gefitinib (Iressa®) is approved to treat patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This small-molecule drug is restricted to use in patients who, in the opinion of their treating physician, are currently benefiting, or have previously benefited, from gefitinib treatment. Gefitinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR, which is overproduced by many types of cancer cells.
- Erlotinib (Tarceva®) is approved to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer that cannot be removed by surgery or has metastasized. This small-molecule drug inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR.
- Cetuximab (Erbitux®) is a monoclonal antibody that is approved to treat some patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or colorectal cancer. The drug binds to the external portion of EGFR, thereby preventing the receptor from being activated by growth signals, which may inhibit signal transduction and lead to antiproliferative effects.
Drugs that target the ALK gene
About 5% of NSCLCs have been found to have a rearrangement in a gene called ALK. This change is most often seen in non-smokers (or light smokers) who have the adenocarcinoma subtype of NSCLC. The ALK gene rearrangement produces an abnormal ALK protein that causes the cells to grow and spread.
Crizotinib (Xalkori®) is a drug that blocks the abnormal ALK protein. This drug has been shown to shrink tumors in more than half of patients whose lung cancers have the ALK gene change, even in those who have already had chemotherapy. It is now often the first drug used (instead of chemotherapy) in patients with the ALK gene rearrangement.
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