想長壽,喝咖啡:延年,防癌,防癡呆!

來源: 三江水 2013-06-06 16:17:31 [] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 本文已被閱讀: 次 (3897 bytes)
June 6, 2013, 12:01 am
This Is Your Brain on Coffee
By GRETCHEN REYNOLDS

Illustration by Ben Wiseman

This column appears in the June 9 issue of The New York Times Magazine.

For thousands of years, coffee has been one of the two or three most popular beverages on earth. But it’s only recently that scientists are figuring out that the drink has notable health benefits. In one large-scale epidemiological study from last year, researchers primarily at the National Cancer Institute parsed health information from more than 400,000 volunteers, ages 50 to 71, who were free of major diseases at the study’s start in 1995. By 2008, more than 50,000 of the participants had died. But men who reported drinking two or three cups of coffee a day were 10 percent less likely to have died than those who didn’t drink coffee, while women drinking the same amount had 13 percent less risk of dying during the study. It’s not clear exactly what coffee had to do with their longevity, but the correlation is striking.

Other recent studies have linked moderate coffee drinking — the equivalent of three or four 5-ounce cups of coffee a day or a single venti-size Starbucks — with more specific advantages: a reduction in the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, basal cell carcinoma (the most common skin cancer), prostate cancer, oral cancer and breast cancer recurrence.

Perhaps most consequential, animal experiments show that caffeine may reshape the biochemical environment inside our brains in ways that could stave off dementia. In a 2012 experiment at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, mice were briefly starved of oxygen, causing them to lose the ability to form memories. Half of the mice received a dose of caffeine that was the equivalent of several cups of coffee. After they were reoxygenated, the caffeinated mice regained their ability to form new memories 33 percent faster than the uncaffeinated. Close examination of the animals’ brain tissue showed that the caffeine disrupted the action of adenosine, a substance inside cells that usually provides energy, but can become destructive if it leaks out when the cells are injured or under stress. The escaped adenosine can jump-start a biochemical cascade leading to inflammation, which can disrupt the function of neurons, and potentially contribute to neurodegeneration or, in other words, dementia.

In a 2012 study of humans, researchers from the University of South Florida and the University of Miami tested the blood levels of caffeine in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, or the first glimmer of serious forgetfulness, a common precursor of Alzheimer’s disease, and then re-evaluated them two to four years later. Participants with little or no caffeine circulating in their bloodstreams were far more likely to have progressed to full-blown Alzheimer’s than those whose blood indicated they’d had about three cups’ worth of caffeine.

There’s still much to be learned about the effects of coffee. “We don’t know whether blocking the action of adenosine is sufficient” to prevent or lessen the effects of dementia, says Dr. Gregory G. Freund, a professor of pathology at the University of Illinois who led the 2012 study of mice. It is also unclear whether caffeine by itself provides the benefits associated with coffee drinking or if coffee contains other valuable ingredients. In a 2011 study by the same researchers at the University of South Florida, for instance, mice genetically bred to develop Alzheimer’s and then given caffeine alone did not fare as well on memory tests as those provided with actual coffee. Nor is there any evidence that mixing caffeine with large amounts of sugar, as in energy drinks, is healthful. But a cup or three of coffee “has been popular for a long, long time,” Dr. Freund says, “and there’s probably good reasons for that.”

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美國人喝了那麽多咖啡也不見得比別的國家人長壽 -kwx- 給 kwx 發送悄悄話 kwx 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/06/2013 postreply 16:36:16

是第,隻是如我等喝咖啡者看了這報道感覺挺良好的。 -三江水- 給 三江水 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/06/2013 postreply 16:51:23

建議來個咖啡和茶的隨機試驗 -周遊列國逍遙人生- 給 周遊列國逍遙人生 發送悄悄話 周遊列國逍遙人生 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/06/2013 postreply 17:34:32

我認識一老太,95歲,每天一包煙一杯酒,至今還中國澳洲兩地旅遊,思路清,語言犀利。 -wjsun- 給 wjsun 發送悄悄話 wjsun 的博客首頁 (10 bytes) () 06/06/2013 postreply 18:57:45

加拿大人長壽,看來喝咖啡有用。美國壓力太大了。 -bounty- 給 bounty 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 06:38:57

請問加拿大人均壽命多長?謝謝。 -swj2000- 給 swj2000 發送悄悄話 swj2000 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 11:02:55

象我這一喝咖啡就嚴重頭痛的就沒盼頭了。 -月滿西樓- 給 月滿西樓 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 07:30:09

我是周末不喝咖啡會頭痛。 -三江水- 給 三江水 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 16:50:57

有說喝咖啡好的,也有說不好的,到底好不好? -老幹媽豆瓣醬- 給 老幹媽豆瓣醬 發送悄悄話 老幹媽豆瓣醬 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 09:35:01

我茶和咖啡都來,不是什麽大問題啦。總比吸煙安全多了 -回家路- 給 回家路 發送悄悄話 回家路 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 10:12:04

好像咖啡喝太多,容易老年骨質疏鬆。 -swj2000- 給 swj2000 發送悄悄話 swj2000 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 11:02:26

要先能活到老, 再考慮疏鬆問題。 -三江水- 給 三江水 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/08/2013 postreply 08:13:26

Coffee is a carcinogen, albeit weak. Green tea is a better sour -非否- 給 非否 發送悄悄話 非否 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 12:44:52

我朋友的姥姥,每天晚上吃一小碗紅燒肉,今年92,身體很好! -eeo- 給 eeo 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 16:56:09

我朋友的姥姥,每天晚上吃一小碗紅燒肉,今年92,身體很好! -eeo- 給 eeo 發送悄悄話 (6 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 16:56:19

胡說,主要是心情問題,有人95每天紅燒大肥肉也好好 -橫流滄海- 給 橫流滄海 發送悄悄話 (32 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 17:05:02

我朋友的姥姥,每天晚上吃一小碗紅燒肉,今年92,身體很好! -eeo- 給 eeo 發送悄悄話 (6 bytes) () 06/07/2013 postreply 17:22:35

長壽最主要的是靠基因.其次才是養生. -吉祥一家人- 給 吉祥一家人 發送悄悄話 吉祥一家人 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 06/08/2013 postreply 17:08:10

是不是指“治得了病,治不了命” 啊? -笑倒了- 給 笑倒了 發送悄悄話 (157 bytes) () 06/08/2013 postreply 17:40:43

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