CDC的科普文章：Understanding Your Risk for Blood Clots with Travel

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https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/risk-factors/travel.html

People who travel long distances, whether by air, car, bus, or train, may be at risk for blood clots
Talk to your doctor before you travel if you think you may be at increased risk for blood clots, such as if you had a previous blood clot
Learn the signs and symptoms of blood clots and steps you can take to reduce your risk when you travel

Overview

More than 300 million people travel on long-distance flights (generally more than four hours) each year.1 Blood clots, also called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), can be a serious risk for some long-distance travelers. Most information about blood clots and long-distance travel comes from information that has been gathered about air travel. However, anyone traveling more than 4 hours, whether by air, car, bus, or train, can be at risk for blood clots.

Blood clots can form in the deep veins (veins below the surface that are not visible through the skin) of your legs during travel because you are sitting still in a confined space for long periods of time. The longer you are immobile, the greater your risk is of developing a blood clot. A DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the legs. At times the blood clot may dissolve on its own. However, a serious health problem can occur when a part of the blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs causing a blockage. This is called a pulmonary embolism (PE), and it may be fatal. The good news is there are things you can do to protect your health and reduce your risk of blood clots during a long-distance trip.

Understand what can increase your risk for blood clots

Even if you travel a long distance, the risk of developing a blood clot is generally very small. Your level of risk depends on the duration of travel as well as whether you have any other risks for blood clots. Most people who develop travel-associated blood clots have one or more other risks for blood clots, such as:

Older age (risk increases after age 40)
Overweight or obesity
Recent surgery or injury (within 3 months)
Use of estrogen-containing contraceptives (for example, birth control pills, rings, patches)
Hormone replacement therapy (medical treatment in which hormones are given to reduce the effects of menopause)
Pregnancy and the postpartum period (up to 3 months after childbirth)
A previous blood clot
An inherited blood clotting disorder
Family history of blood clots
Active cancer or recent cancer treatment
Certain other long-term conditions, such as heart or lung conditions, or diabetes
Limited mobility (for example, a leg cast)
Catheter placed in a large vein
Varicose veins

The combination of long-distance travel with one or more of these risks may increase the likelihood of developing a blood clot. The more risks you have, the greater your chances of experiencing a blood clot. If you plan on traveling soon, talk with your doctor to learn more about what you can do to protect your health. The most important thing you can do is to learn and recognize the symptoms of blood clots.

Podcast‎

This podcast is designed to help people reduce their risk of blood clots during long-distance travel of 4 hours or more. Listen now.

Recognize the symptoms

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

About half of people with DVT have no symptoms at all. The following are the most common symptoms of DVT that occur in the affected part of the body (usually the leg or arm):