腎小球濾過率可以用肌酐計算,也可以用Cystatin C 計算。用肌酐計算,最常用的公式是2021 chronic kidney disease epidemiology (СΚD-EPI) creatinine equation: GFR = 141 x (SCr/κ)α x (0.993)Age x (1.018 if female) x (1.159 if African American), where SCr is serum creatinine, κ is a constant value depending on sex (0.7 for females, 0.9 for males), and α is an exponent also dependent on sex (-0.329 for females, -0.411 for males).
腎髒疾病可以分兩大類:腎炎(Nephritis),特征是腎小球濾過率下降;腎病綜合征, 特征是尿中大量蛋白質。