除了遺傳因素外,青光眼的危險因素:腦脊液壓力低,大量補鈣補鐵,近視眼,睡眠呼吸暫停,低血壓,高血糖,雌激素水平低(月經初潮遲,絕經早,卵巢切除),等等。
上述各項因素可歸結為,1. 血流、養分供給不足;2. 加重活性氧(reactive oxygen species)和遊離基損害。這兩個因素導致視神經損傷。
最近研究發現,有氧運動後,眼壓顯著降低,施累姆氏管擴張(有利房水流出,降低眼壓)。但有氧運動對青光眼的長期影響還有待觀察。
參看:
- Novel Risk Factors for Glaucoma , https://glaucomatoday.com/articles/2014-july-aug/novel-risk-factors-for-glaucoma
- Aerobic exercise reduces intraocular pressure and expands Schlemm’s canal dimensions in healthy and primary open-angle glaucoma eyes,Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 May; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186587/
- Increased Intraocular Pressure and Hyperglycemic Level in Diabetic Patients,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4803191/