My 2 cents

In large companies, you obviously have more opportunities and room to grow, it's relatively harder to stand out from the crowd, but as long as you know how to play the game and you are a A player, you will stand out. The compensation and benefits are generally more up to the par with the current market. Depends on the company's structure, it can be really hierarchical and consequently bureaucratic.

In smaller firms, things can be more flexible and if you prove yourself to be "indispensable asset" to the company, you are golden. The downside though is that there is limited room for you to move around, let alone move up. Most people end up hitting the ceiling pretty fast or finding themselves doing the same job for years, if you seek opportunities to grow, you most likely have to leave the company.