少政導語
許淵衝的英文水平，從他出版的《中詩英韻探勝》》《毛澤東詩詞選前言》自傳《Vanished Springs逝水流年》幾本書中，可以看出其實極為蹩腳。自1984年美國教師LOUIE CREW開始，到１９９７年休斯頓老師和上海交大毛榮貴合作點評中國大學生英文作文，到國內二語英文寫作研究最新成就都可以證明許的英文水準符合中介語的標準特征：
1， 詞法複雜性不達標，習用高頻詞（休斯頓老師稱之為低語域詞匯），尤其不擅動詞（近百分之四十的動詞就是ｔｏ ｂｅ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ，其他動詞非常簡單，而且反複重複使用）。許的英文一個重要特點就是文字的淺白，中學生不用字典可以看懂。
2， 句法複雜性不達標。休斯頓老師認為中國學生基本上不習慣使用複合結構，且複合結構中的名詞分句是難點。許的句式百分之九十是簡單句並列句，偶有複合結構，也是中國學生都會使用的副詞分句。
3， 二語作文研究強調的實詞，詞匯創造性，詞頻分布，許的寫作中很難見到。休斯頓老師對這類寫作說的很難聽：
Ｙｏｕ ｓｏｕｎｄ ｉｇｎｏｒａｎｔ ｐａｓｓｉｂｌｙ ｕｎｗｏｒｔｈｙ ｏｆ ｂｅｉｎｇ ｔａｋｅｎ ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙ．
別人一聽就知道你什麽都不懂，也沒有任何人把你當回事。
許自稱中詩英譯他是第一人，獨步天下。然而在筆者心中，一直有個謎：許的英文如此淺陋，如何攀上英美名家薈萃的中詩英譯頂端？換言之，如此低劣不入流的英文，如何就撐得起中詩英譯的七寶樓台？
因為一個基本常識是：要譯好中詩，起碼你要英文寫作功力雄厚，而且在古典詩詞方麵有很深的寫作成就，同時也還寫過很多英詩。如此，你對兩種詩歌傳統才能心領神會，保持極大的敏感，能充分調動英詩的各種形式，韻律等資源。而許從來就沒有以古詩詞寫作見長，也從未發表過任何英詩！而且最起碼的是，他的英文根本不上檔次，按中介語的定義，這是一種既非英語，也非漢語的非驢非馬的中間產品！
許卻偏偏要逆天而行。他像一個從未描過紅，練過正楷，行書，就劈頭蓋腦提出一個所謂三美（形美意美音美）原則，直接從狂草入手，說已經超越了趙孟頫，王右軍，柳公權，而且把中國一千所外語院校的英文教授全部騙到，以致騙到中國電視台，騙到國際譯聯給他頒發最高的"北極星"獎項！
許之所以欺世盜名如此之久，是因為國內英語學界學風極為空疏，所謂的大家都是欺世盜名的課題高手，科研達人，專注用法，語法的人不受重視，沒有課題，大家趨之若鶩的都是討巧的所謂典籍英譯，傳播中國文化，講好中國故事。最為荒唐的事，許的所謂三美理論，抄襲的中詩英譯，居然衍生了海量的所謂課題，碩士論文。一個如此低劣的騙子居然捧成了大師，國師，走紅央視，刷頻中國。學風如此，就沒有什麽人能從語法角度看待許的拙劣英文，進入文本，對勘找出許抄襲名家的斑斑劣跡和證據。
當然，英美名家曾在19世紀末上世紀初掀起過一個中詩英譯的高潮，產生了一大批弗萊徹，韋利式的名家。隻是鬥換星移，英美對中詩古典部分興趣轉移了。最大的問題，這些名家的譯作距今一個世紀了，國內從未出版過，或很少出版過他們的譯作。這給了許這樣的騙子以可乘之機，使得他可以把海外傑出的譯作，做些手腳，掩人耳目，就拿來充作自己的譯作！不過，此人一開始利用這種信息差，還沒有搞到這種大張旗鼓的程度。隻是進入21世紀，中國GDP劇增，國力大盛，主流開始大規模推動傳播傳統文化，許一下子變成了香餑餑，原來還有幾分膽怯怕人抓住把柄，現在嗨起來把一切忘到了九天雲外，豪情滿懷，名片上赫然印著"書銷中外六十本，詩譯英法唯一人"。自詡"不是院士勝院士，遺歐贈美千首詩"，翻譯超過了傅雷，這就引發了筆者的興趣。對這個現象級的人物做一點文本意義語法意義的批判，或許對國內流行的諸多學術泡沫不無冷卻功效。
最近，筆者細讀許的英文史學著作《中詩英韻探勝》（１９９７年版），一比對幾位名家弗萊徹，羅蘭，韋利，恍然大悟，許公然大段大段抄襲名家，有些地方改頭換麵一下，主動句改成被動句，地點狀語置前改置後，特別是在１９９２年版，許多地方基本上懶得動一個半個標點符號，就全部占為己有，並宣布自己已經獨步天下，超越了弗萊徹，韋利，真是不知天下還有羞恥二字！許常常瞧不起其他幾位中詩英譯者，如徐忠傑，吳鈞陶，乃至楊憲益等。現在我才明白，這幾位固然笨詞拙句，聊甚於無，但他們有一個共同點：確實是一字一句造出來的。這當然不是文章正軌。也不是譯詩之道，如１９世紀菲茲傑拉德譯魯拜集，但他們畢竟沒有抄襲名家！筆者費心， 列出幾個例子，看許如何東拉西扯，抄襲名家，供同好們評議。
值得注意的是，許後來自己也覺得這樣幹風險太高，對許多前期抄襲太明火執仗的譯文做了些小修小改，公布於眾。但我們不要上當，請大家關注１９９２年第一版，１９９７年再版提供的譯文。
我本人相信許譯中詩可能是１９４９年以來中國翻譯界，中國英語學界最大的鬧劇。
筆者正在撰寫的長文題目就是：
許淵衝如此低劣不入流的英文，如何就撐得起中詩英譯的七寶樓台？
本文選自許淵衝《中詩英韻探勝》北大出版社 1992年第一版 97年再版
登高 杜甫 英文譯本至少十家 英國外交家弗萊徹首譯（1918年）
風急天高猿嘯哀,渚清沙白鳥飛回。
無邊落木蕭蕭下,不盡長江滾滾來。
萬裏悲秋常作客,百年老病獨登台。
艱難苦恨繁霜鬢,潦倒新停濁酒杯。
The Heights W. J. B. Fletcher 譯 1918年
The wind so fresh, the sky so high / Awake the gibbons’ wailing cry.
/ The isles clear-cut, the sand so white, / Arrest the wheeling sea-gulls’ flight.
/ Through endless space with rustling sound / The falling leaves are whirled around.
/ Beyond my ken a yeasty sea / The Yangtze’s waves are rolling free. /
From far away, in autumn drear, / I find myself a stranger here. /
With dragging years and illness wage / Lone war upon this lofty stage. /
With troubles vexed and trials sore / My locks are daily growing hoar: /
Till Time, before whose steps I pine, / Set down this failing cup of wine!
On the Heights ( II ) 許淵衝譯
The wind so swift and sky so wide, apes wail and cry; /
Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly. /
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; /
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. /
A thousand miles from home in autumn, I’m grieved at autumn’s plight; /
Ill now and then for years, ,alone I’m on this height. /
Living in times so hard, at frosted hair I pine; /
Cast down by poverty, I have to give up wine.
The Heights W. J. B. Fletcher 譯對勘許淵衝
弗萊徹The wind so fresh, the sky so high / Awake the gibbons’ wailing cry.
/ The isles clear-cut, the sand so white, / Arrest the wheeling sea-gulls’ flight.
許淵衝 The wind so swift and sky so wide, apes wail and cry; /
Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly. /
弗萊徹/ Through endless space with rustling sound / The falling leaves are whirled around.
/ Beyond my ken a yeasty sea / The Yangtze’s waves are rolling free. /
許淵衝 The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; /
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. /
弗萊徹From far away, in autumn drear, / I find myself a stranger here. /
With dragging years and illness wage / Lone war upon this lofty stage. /
許淵衝 A thousand miles from home in autumn, I’m grieved at autumn’s plight; /
Ill now and then for years, ,alone I’m on this height. /
弗萊徹With troubles vexed and trials sore / My locks are daily growing hoar: /
Till Time, before whose steps I pine, / Set down this failing cup of wine!
許淵衝 Living in times so hard, at frosted hair I pine; /
Cast down by poverty, I have to give up wine. 許淵衝譯 1984年
許淵衝後來出了修改版 企圖掩飾第一版公然抄襲行為
On the Heights (2 ) 許淵衝譯
The wind so swift, the sky so steep, sad gibbons cry; /
Water so clear and sand so white, backward birds fly. /
The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; /
The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. /
Far from home in autumn, I’m grieved to see my plight; /
After my long illness, I climb alone this height. /
Living in hard times, at my frosted hair I pine; /
Pressed by poverty, I give up my cup of wine.
歸園田居五首（其三） 陶潛
種豆南山下，草盛豆苗稀。晨興理荒穢，帶月荷鋤歸。
道狹草木長，夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜，但使願無違。
Back to The Gardens and Fields 美國人Roland C Fang1980年譯歸田園居
Beneath the southern hills I sow my bees.
Their shoots are lost among the rank grass.
I rise early to clear away the weeds.
Till, hoe on shoulder, I plod home with the moon.
The paths are narrow, the green growths tall.
And the evening dews moisten my clothes.
What matters if I am wet with dew.
So long as I enjoy my heart’s content.
許淵衝1988年譯歸田園居Return to Nature (III)
I sow my beans 'neath southern hill;
Bean shoots are lost among the rank grass green.
Early I rise to clear the weeds away;
I plod home ,hoe on shoulder, with the moon ray.
The paths are narrow, tall are the growths new,
My clothes are moistened by the evening dew,
What does it matter even if I am wet,
So long as my heart’s desires can be met.
美國人Roland C Fang1980年譯歸田園居對勘許淵衝
羅蘭Beneath the southern hills I sow my bees.
Their shoots are lost among the rank grass.
許淵衝I sow my beans 'neath southern hill;
Bean shoots are lost among the rank grass green.
羅蘭I rise early to clear away the weeds.
Till, hoe on shoulder, I plod home with the moon.
許淵衝Early I rise to clear the weeds away;
I plod home ,hoe on shoulder, with the moon ray.
羅蘭The paths are narrow, the green growths tall.
And the evening dews moisten my clothes.
許淵衝The paths are narrow, tall are the growths new,
My clothes are moistened by the evening dew,
羅蘭What matters if I am wet with dew.
So long as I enjoy my heart’s content.
許淵衝What does it matter even if I am wet,
So long as my heart’s desires can be met.
許淵衝歸田園居後來出了一個修改本 掩飾第一版公然抄襲行為
I sow my beans 'neath southern hill;
Bean shoots are lost where weeds o'ergrow.
I weed at dawn through early still;
I plod home with my moonlit hoe.
The path is narrow, grasses tall,
With evening dew my clothes wet,
To which I pay no heed at all,
If my desire can but be met.
飲酒（其五） 陶淵明
結廬在人境，而無車馬喧。 問君何能爾？心遠地自偏。 采菊東籬下，悠然見南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。 此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。
Roland C Fang 1980年譯飲酒
Among the busy haunts of men I build my hut;
But hear no noise of wheels or trampling hoofs.
You would stop to ask me how-
The distant heart creates a distant retreat.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence;
Leisurely I look up and see the southern Mountains.
The mountain air's good both day and night;
And the birds are flying homewards together..
In such things I find the truth of life;
I would tell how, but have forgotten the words.
Drinking wine（許淵衝）1988年譯飲酒
Among the haunts of men I build my cot;
There’s noise of wheel and hoof, but I hear not.
How can it leave on my mind no trace?
Secluded heart creates secluded place.
i pick fence-side chrysanthemums at will;
And leisurely I see the southern hill.
Where mountain air's fresh both day and night;
And where I find home-going birds in flight.
What is the revelation at this view?
Words fail me even if I try to tell you.
羅蘭譯飲酒和許淵衝對勘
羅蘭Among the busy haunts of men I build my hut;
But hear no noise of wheels or trampling hoofs.
許淵衝Among the haunts of men I build my cot;
There’s noise of wheel and hoof, but I hear not.
羅蘭You would stop to ask me how-
The distant heart creates a distant retreat.
許淵衝How can it leave on my mind no trace?
Secluded heart creates secluded place.
羅蘭Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence;
Leisurely I look up and see the southern Mountains.
許淵衝I pick fence-side chrysanthemums at will;
And leisurely I see the southern hill.
羅蘭The mountain air's good both day and night;
And the birds are flying homewards together..
許淵衝Where mountain air's fresh both day and night;
And where I find home-going birds in flight.
羅蘭In such things I find the truth of life;
I would tell how, but have forgotten the words.
許淵衝What is the revelation at this view?
Words fail me even if I try to tell you.
許淵衝歸田園居後來出了一個修改本 掩飾第一版公然抄襲行為
In people's haunt I build my cot;
Of wheel's and hoof's noise i hear not.
How can it leave on me no trace?
Secluded heart makes secluded place.
i pick fenceside asters at will;
Carefree i see the southern hill.
The mountain air's fresh day and night;
Together birds go home in flight.
What revelation at this view?
Words fail if i try to tell you.
Drinking（楊憲益，戴乃迭）
Within the world of men I make my home,
Yet din of house and carriage there is none;
You ask me how this quiet is achieved－
With thoughts remote the place appears alone.
While picking asters'neath the Eastern fence
My gaze upon the Southern mountain rests;
The mountain views are good by day or night,
The birds come flying homeward to their nests.
A truth in this reflection lies concealed,
But I forget how it may be revealed.
陶淵明《責子》詩的英譯
白發被兩鬢，肌膚不複實。雖有五男兒，總不好紙筆。
阿舒已二八，懶惰故無匹。阿宣行誌學，而不好文術。
雍端年十三，不識六與七。通子垂九齡，但覓梨與栗。
天運苟如此，且進杯中物。
Arthur Waley英國名家威利1918年譯文
White hair covers my temples,/I am wrinkled…
And though I have five sons,/They all hate paper and brush.
A-shu is eighteen:/For laziness there is none like him.
A-hsuan does his best,/But really loathes the Fine Arts/
Yung-tuan is thirteen,/But does not know "six" from "seven".
T’ung-tzu in his ninth year/Is only concerned with things to eat.
If Heaven treats me like this,/What can I do but fill my cup?（Arthur Waley譯）
許淵衝1988年譯責子
My temples now are covered with white hairs,/My skin is wrinkled, my muscles are slack. /Although I have five sons, none of them cares/To learn to read and write in white or black./
My eldest son already is twice eight,/For laziness none can be his compeers./
My second son will never dedicate/Himself to fine arts, though at fifteen years./
My third son is thirteen, so is my fourth one,/But they don’t know how much makes six plus seven.
/Nearly nine years old is my youngest son, /Amid the pears and nuts he is in heaven./
Alas! If such be the decree divine,/What can I do but drain my cup of wine!（
Arthur Waley英國名家韋利1918年譯文與許淵衝對勘
韋利White hair covers my temples,/I am wrinkled…
And though I have five sons,/They all hate paper and brush.
許淵衝My temples now are covered with white hairs,/My skin is wrinkled, my muscles are slack. /Although I have five sons, none of them cares/To learn to read and write in white or black./
韋利A-shu is eighteen:/For laziness there is none like him.
A-hsuan does his best,/But really loathes the Fine Arts/
許淵衝My eldest son already is twice eight,/For laziness none can be his compeers./
My second son will never dedicate/Himself to fine arts, though at fifteen years./
韋利Yung-tuan is thirteen,/But does not know "six" from "seven".
T’ung-tzu in his ninth year/Is only concerned with things to eat.
許淵衝My third son is thirteen, so is my fourth one,/But they don’t know how much makes six plus seven.
/Nearly nine years old is my youngest son, /Amid the pears and nuts he is in heaven./
韋利If Heaven treats me like this,/What can I do but fill my cup?
許淵衝Alas! If such be the decree divine,/What can I do but drain my cup of wine!
逢雪宿芙蓉山主人：劉長卿
日暮蒼山遠，天寒白屋貧。柴門聞犬吠，風雪夜歸人。
Fletcher 1918譯
The daylight far is dawning across the purple hill,
And white the houses of the poor with winter’s breathing chill.
The house dog’s sudden barking, which hears the wicket go,
Greets us at night returning through driving gale and snow.
Dell R.Hale 1975
Dark hills distant In the setting sun.
Thatched hut stark under wintery skies.
A dog barks at the brushwood gate.
As someone heads home this windy, snowy night.
許淵衝1988年譯劉長卿
At sunset hillside village still seems far;
Cold and deserted the thatched cottages are.
At wicket gate a dog is heard to bark.
With wind and snow I come when night is dark.
長恨歌中英文對照白居易原文長恨歌
1920年英國人Herbert A Giles譯散文體1973 Ines Herdan譯詩體
W.J.B Fletcher 1918年首譯長恨歌
The Lord of Han loved beauty; In love’s desire he pined.
For years within his palace Such love he could not find.
A maiden of the Yang To wedlock’s age had grown.
Brought up within the harem, And to the world unknown.
許淵衝譯 1987年譯 漢皇重色思傾國，禦宇多年求不得。
楊家有女初長成，養在深閨人未識。
The beauty-loving monarch longed year after year
To find a beautiful lady without peer.
A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown,
In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown.
: W.J.B.弗萊徹是全世界範圍內最早出版唐詩英譯專門著作的譯者,其譯本選譯了286首唐詩,首次較為全麵地將唐詩這一代表中國古典文學最高峰的文化瑰寶展現在英美讀者麵前,並在隨後近百年內產生了持續的影響。國內外研究界對弗萊徹的譯本並不陌生,但長期以來更多是從翻譯技巧層麵出發,將其譯本與後世更為成熟的譯本相比對,對其錯訛或不成熟之處大加撻伐,未能正確認識和評價其首創之功。本文將在細讀弗氏譯本全文的基礎上,返回弗萊徹所處的曆史文化語境,指出弗氏對唐詩的大力推介,並分析其較為優秀的翻譯技藝,及其在譯介中歸化和異化兩種策略的結合,從而重新評價其貢獻。W.J.B.弗萊徹是全世界範圍內最早出版唐詩英譯專門著作的譯者, 在從事唐詩英譯的西方譯者中,活躍於20世紀初的英國外交官弗萊徹(William JohnBainbrigge Fletcher,1879—1933)是較為重要的一位。近年有學者指出,弗萊徹兩本英漢對照的譯著《英譯唐詩選》(Gems of Chinese Verse)和《英譯唐詩選續集》(More Gems of Chinese Poetry
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