隨著美國街友人口比例愈來愈高、收容所床位愈來愈不夠用,美國聯邦最高法院今天聽取論證,以判定各大城市是否有權禁止遊民露宿街頭。
法新社和“紐約時報”報導,此案核心來自於美國西岸俄勒岡州格蘭斯帕斯(Grants
Pass)市府的規範。當地公共公園出現大批帳篷、毯子和厚紙板後,市府下令不得在公共場所露營或使用任何類型的寢具。
違者麵臨295美元罰款,累犯則可能有牢獄之災。
反對市府取締街友露宿街頭的律師柯克蘭(Kelsi
Corkran),今天告訴聯邦最高法院大法官:“這些法令在設計上,就是讓無家可歸者待在格蘭斯帕斯時將麵臨無止境的罰款和刑期。”
俄勒岡州格蘭斯帕斯人口4萬,當地沒有市立流浪漢收容所,隻能仰賴私人慈善團體設立的機構。在居民開始抱怨有街友在戶外睡覺和大小便後,市政府官員2013年開始加強執法。
格蘭斯帕斯3名街友2018年對市府這項取締作為提出挑戰,主張這樣的做法等同“殘酷及異常之刑罰”(cruel and
unusual punishment),為美國憲法第8修正案所明文禁止。
聯邦最高法院預定6月30日做出裁決,而9位大法官怎麽解釋此案,將攸關著全美街友的命運。根據2023年統計數字,全美街友數量達到65萬3100人的新高紀錄。
除了貧窮、毒癮和收容所床位不足導致民眾露宿街頭外,經濟學家主張,美國各地的市場價格房產數量遠低於目標,距離滿足需求還差了數百萬棟,導致現有房產價格不斷上漲。
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