美國著名高校之點滴
從《美國著名高校之點滴》出發,寫完16個學校時,以《美國著名大學散記》做了個注腳。又寫了7個學校,對美國高校認識更多了些,再做個小結。
頂尖五校( Harvard University,MIT,Stanford University,Princeton University,Yale University)是令人羨慕的學校,她們的曆史,招生的質量,畢業生就業機會,開創的公司,或成就的事業,對社會的影響;學校教授的水平,所在領域的地位,科研成就,大獎數目,在國際上的聲譽,都是可以和其他任何一所高校相比較的。當然,還有幾所學校,也可以和這五校並列成頂尖六校,七校,十校。總之,她們是不愁沒有好的學生申請就讀。“從候補名單上錄取同樣數目的學生來替補正式錄取生,整屆的學生水平都不會降低。”這是我們聽到重複很多遍的“宣言”。對候補名單上的學生來說是安慰,也是無奈。畢竟她們每年隻能招收幾千新生。那幾千幸運兒是令人羨慕的。也僅僅隻是羨慕而已。這是我們在孩子申請大學之前就得到的忠告:這幾所大學對所有學生最多都隻是 “Reachable”(“Dream School”),沒有人能說他百分百的能進入指定的其中某一所。所能做到的就是多申請幾所,增加錄取的機會(也稱概率)。
每一年,有成千上萬同樣優秀的新生進入這些頂尖大學之外的其他高校。同時,其他精英高校為學生提供相同水平的教育機會,她們同樣具有響亮的國際聲譽。在某些領域,某些方麵甚至更為出色。隻是人類的記憶往往很短暫,能容納和處理的信息比較小,所以對“頂尖五校”這樣的簡易用語有所偏好。隻記下“令人羨慕的頂尖五校(Top5)”,卻對其他學校視而不見,那怕是“令人自豪的三十精英學校(Top 30)”,“令人自信的百所名校(Top100)”,“令人自覺的四百強(Top400)”,“令人自強的優秀學校(All Colleges with Association of American Colleges and Universities:1400+members)”,甚至不屑地拋上九霄雲外。
有些精英學校非常精致,因為規模小而為大眾所忽視。這類學校中最傑出的是California Institute of Technology,還有常青藤中的Dartmouth College。當然還有人們常常提到的小常青藤文理學院。要知道,小的文理學院,小班教學,為學生提供更親密的指導,因為大多沒有研究生院,沒有商法醫等職業學院,主要精力都放在本科教學上,所以,她們更能做到“因才施教”,她們的教學質量往往為人稱道。
另一方麵,美國有很多好的公立大學。她們中許多是著名的研究型大學。許多教授都在從事各種各樣的科研活動,或主持其他學術活動項目。她們為學生提供許多資源充沛的機會。有一些為優秀的學生還設立了Honors Program 或Honors College。那些頂尖的公立大學,如伯克利加大,密西根大學,在學術地位,科研成就,優秀的畢業生等眾多評價高校的指數上,絲毫不讓“頂尖五校”。
學校有學校的考量(排名,榮譽,傳統,招生,教學,營收,發展)。學生也有學生的考量(教學質量,專業學習環境,學校生活環境,幸福指數,聲譽,就業, 前途)。這樣就形成了由校訓(Motto、校徽(Emblem)、 校歌(Song)、標誌色(color)、吉祥物(mascot)、昵稱/別稱(Nickname)、球隊、實驗室和研究中心、校園建築、創始人及創始使命、曆任校長或重大發展的領導者、著名校友等等組成的各具特色的高等學校的傳統及文化。
文理學院(小班教學,個體性指導)與公立研究型大學(眾多選課,大型研究群體,眾多科研機會)的長短形成鮮明的對照。也將以本科教育為對象的頂尖大學的評判得以分化和集中。相對而言,頂級的本科後(研究生)教育機構就多得多。
1) 中,南部的私立頂尖大學
University of Chicago, Northwestern University, Duke University, Washington University at St. Louis, Vanderbilt University, Emory University, Rice University, University of Notre Dame,Wake Forest University,Case Western Reserve University
2) 西部的私立頂尖大學
Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, University of Southern California, Claremont Colleges, Reed College, Colorado College, (Occidental College)
3) 東北部的私立頂尖大學(Ivy League 之外, LAC除外)
MIT, Johns Hopkins University, CMU, Georgetown University,Tufts University,NYU,Boston College,University of Rochester,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
4) 美國東北部頂尖大學——常青藤聯盟大學
Harvard University,Yale University, Princeton University, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania,Cornell University,Brown University, Dartmouth College
5) 美國公立頂尖大學(Military之外)
University of California – Berkeley,University of Michigan - Ann Arbor,University of Virginia,College of William & Mary,University of California - Los Angeles,University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill,University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign,University of Maryland - College Park,University of Florida,University of Washington – Seattle,University of Texas – Austin,University of Wisconsin – Madison,University of California - San Diego,University of California - Santa Barbara,Georgia Institute of Technology
The original Public Ivies as Moll listed them in 1985:
Moll also offered in the same book "a list of worthy runners-up" and brief summaries of them:
6) 美國頂尖工科院校(學校以STEM為主):
MIT,California Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University,Georgia Institute of Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Worcester Polytechnic Institute,Olin College of Engineering,Colorado School of Mines, Stevens Institute of Technology,Harvey Mudd College
7) 美國頂尖工科學校(學校的工程學院很強):
MIT,Stanford University,University of California – Berkeley,4- California Institute of Technology,4- Georgia Institute of Technology, 6- Carnegie Mellon University, 6- University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign,6- University of Michigan-Ann-Arbor,9- Cornell University, 9- Purdue University-West Lafayette,9- University of Texas-Austin,Princeton University, Virginia Tech,14- Johns Hopkins University,14- Northwestern University, 14- Texas A&M University-College Station, 14- University of Wisconsin-Madison,18- Columbia University,18- Duke University, 18- Rice University, 18-UCLA, 18- UCSD, 18- University of Washington,24Harvard University,24- Pennsylvania State University-University Park, 24- University of Maryland-College Park,24- University of Minnesota-Twin City,24-University of Pennsylvania, 24- University of South California,30 Ohio State University-Columbus,
8) 美國頂尖理科(數理化很強)學校:
Princeton University,MIT,Stanford University,Harvard University,California Institute of Technology,University of California – Berkeley,Yale University,University of Chicago,Columbia University, UCLA,Cornell University,UCSB, University of Michigan,University of Washington, UCSD,Northwestern University
9)頂尖文理學院和小常青藤(Little Ivies)
Amherst, Bates, Bowdoin, Carleton, Dartmouth, Grinnell, Middlebury, Pomona(Claremont McKenna College), Swarthmore, Wesleyan,and Williams College。
Little Ivies:Amherst College, Wesleyan University and Williams College joined Bowdoin College to found the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) in 1971 along with Bates College, Colby College, Hamilton College, Middlebury College, Tufts University, Trinity College and Union College。Union withdrew in 1977 and was replaced by Connecticut College in 1982。
10)新常青藤(New Ivies)
波士頓學院(Boston College),聖路易斯華盛頓大學(Washington University in St. Louis),弗吉尼亞大學(University of Virginia),加州大學洛杉磯分校(University of California,Los Angeles),北卡羅萊納大學(University of North Carolina),羅徹斯特大學(University of Rochester),密歇根大學(University of Michigan),紐約大學(New York University),聖母大學(University of Notre Dame),範德比爾特大學(Vanderbilt University),埃默裏大學(Emory University),萊斯大學(Rice University),斯基德莫爾學院(Skidmore College),塔夫斯大學(Tufts University),鮑登學院(Bowdoin College),卡內基梅隆大學(Carnegie Mellon University),肯陽學院(Kenyon College),瑪卡萊斯特學院(Macalester College),富蘭克林歐林工程學院(Olin College of Engineering),裏德學院(Reed College), 倫斯勒理工學院(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), 克萊蒙特·麥肯納學院聯盟(Claremont:Harvey Mudd and Pomona), 科爾比學院(Colby College), 科爾蓋特大學(Colgate University),戴維森學院(Davidson College)
1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_American_Colleges_and_Universities
2)http://www.aascu.org/Default.aspx
3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Ivies
4)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Ivies
5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Ivy
6)https://www.newsweek.com/americas-25-new-elite-ivies-108771
The original Public Ivies as Moll listed them in 1985:[2]
? College of William & Mary (Williamsburg, Virginia)
? Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)
? University of California (nine campuses as of 1985)[7]
? University of Michigan (Ann Arbor)
? University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
? University of Texas at Austin
? University of Vermont (Burlington)
? University of Virginia (Charlottesville)
Moll also offered in the same book "a list of worthy runners-up" and brief summaries of them:[8]
? University of Colorado Boulder
? Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta)
? University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
? New College of the University of South Florida (Sarasota; now New College of Florida)
? Pennsylvania State University at University Park
? University of Pittsburgh
? State University of New York at Binghamton (now branded as Binghamton University)
? University of Washington (Seattle)
? University of Wisconsin–Madison
A book titled The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001) by Howard and Matthew Greene of Greenes' Guides included 30 colleges and universities.[9] The table below is organized by region, and colleges are listed in alphabetical order.
Northeastern
Pennsylvania State University (University Park), Rutgers University (New Brunswick), State University of New York at Binghamton (also known as Binghamton University), University of Connecticut (Storrs)
Mid-Atlantic
University of Delaware (Newark), University of Maryland (College Park), College of William & Mary (Williamsburg, Virginia), University of Virginia (Charlottesville)
Southern
University of Florida (Gainesville), University of Georgia (Athens), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Texas at Austin
Western
University of Arizona (Tucson),University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Davis, University of California, Irvine, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, San Diego, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Washington (Seattle)
Great Lakes & Midwest
Indiana University (Bloomington), Miami University (Oxford, Ohio), Michigan State University (East Lansing), Ohio State University (Columbus), University of Illinois (Urbana–Champaign), University of Iowa (Iowa City), University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), University of Minnesota (Minneapolis–Saint Paul), University of Wisconsin (Madison)