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去年全球7000多萬人流離失所 曆史新高

(2023-05-12 23:04:32) 下一個

去年全球7000多萬人流離失所,創曆史新高

發布:2023年05月13日 00:05來源:參考消息

據美聯社5月11日報道,根據挪威難民事務委員會境內流離失所情況監測中心11日發布的一份報告,受烏克蘭戰爭的影響,去年全球因衝突或自然災害而在國內流離失所的總人數創下紀錄,達到7110萬人。

截至2022年底,因烏克蘭戰爭,烏克蘭國內有590萬人被迫遷移,使全球因衝突和暴力而在國內流離失所的總人數超過6200萬人,自2021年以來增加了17%。在長達十多年的內戰後,敘利亞有680萬人因衝突而流離失所。

2022年底,因洪水和饑荒等災害而在國內流離失所的人數達到870萬人,比2021年增加了45%。

國內流離失所者指的是被迫在本國境內遷移的人員,而挪威境內流離失所情況監測中心的報告未將那些離開本國前往他國的流離失所者計算在內。

衝突在烏克蘭、敘利亞、埃塞俄比亞和其他一些地方肆虐,2023年並無停歇。聯合國移民(專題)機構本周表示,在短短幾周內,蘇丹武裝部隊與快速支援部隊之間的衝突已經導致70萬人在國內流離失所。

挪威境內流離失所情況監測中心稱,2022年連續第三年出現的拉尼娜現象是導致人們因自然災害而流離失所的一個主要因素。該中心的報告認為,受拉尼娜現象影響,巴基斯坦、尼日利亞和巴西因洪災而流離失所的人數創下紀錄,而索馬裏、肯尼亞和埃塞俄比亞則出現了有記錄以來最嚴重的幹旱。

挪威難民事務委員會秘書長揚·埃格蘭說,2022年衝突與自然災害疊加導致“流離失所人數前所未有”。

Global Report on Internal Displacement 2023 (GRID 2023): Internal displacement and food security

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-internal-displacement-2023-grid-2023-internal-displacement-and-food-security

Source IDMC    

© IDMC

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All-time high of 71 million people internally displaced worldwide

11 May 2023, Geneva - The number of internally displaced people (IDPs) around the world reached 71.1 million as of the end of 2022, an increase of 20 per cent from the previous year, according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s flagship annual report.

The number of movements in which people fled in search of safety and shelter, sometimes more than once, was also unprecedented in 2022. The figure of 60.9 million was up 60 per cent from the previous year. The conflict in Ukraine triggered nearly 17 million displacements as people fled repeatedly from rapidly shifting frontlines, and monsoon floods in Pakistan triggered 8.2 million, accounting for a quarter of the year’s global disaster displacement.

“Today’s displacement crises are growing in scale, complexity and scope, and factors like food insecurity, climate change and escalating and protracted conflicts are adding new layers to this phenomenon,” said IDMC’s director, Alexandra Bilak. “Greater resources and further research are essential to help understand and better respond to IDPs’ needs”.

Internal displacement is a global phenomenon, but nearly three-quarters of the world’s IDPs live in just 10 countries - Syria, Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ukraine, Colombia, Ethiopia, Yemen, Nigeria, Somalia and Sudan - many as a result of unresolved conflicts that continued to trigger significant displacement in 2022.

Conflict and violence triggered 28.3 million internal displacements worldwide, a figure three times higher than the annual average over the past decade. Beyond Ukraine, nine million or 32 per cent of the global total were recorded in sub-Saharan Africa. DRC accounted for around four million and Ethiopia just over two million.

The number of disaster displacements rose by nearly 40 per cent compared to the previous year, reaching 32.6 million, largely the result of the effects of La Niña which continued for a third consecutive year. South Asia recorded the highest regional figure, surpassing East Asia and the Pacific for the first time in a decade. In the Horn of Africa, the worst drought in 40 years triggered 2.1 million movements, including 1.1 million in Somalia alone, while fuelling acute food insecurity across the region.

The secretary general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, Jan Egeland, described the overlapping crises around the world as a "perfect storm".

"Conflict and disasters combined last year to aggravate people’s pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities, triggering displacement on a scale never seen before," he said. "The war in Ukraine also fuelled a global food security crisis that hit the internally displaced hardest. This perfect storm has undermined years of progress made in reducing global hunger and malnutrition."

Better data and analysis are still needed to improve understanding of the relationship between food security and displacement, but IDMC’s report shows that the former is often a consequence of the latter and can have lasting impacts on both IDPs and host communities. Three-quarters of the countries that face crisis levels of food insecurity are also home to IDPs.

Shining light on this connection is key to understanding how IDPs are affected by disruptions to food systems, but also how future investments in food security will be essential to reaching solutions.

“There is an increasing need for durable solutions to meet the scale of the challenges facing displaced people,” Bilak said. “This spans the expansion of cash assistance and livelihood programmes that improve IDPs’ economic security, through to investments in risk reduction measures that strengthen their communities’ resilience.”

NOTES TO EDITORS:

Visit our dedicated GRID landing page to download the report and explore interactive infographics, country-specific information and videos.

A selection of images and b-roll footage, and the raw dataset are available upon request.

See our infographic and explainer video on how to understand our figures.

About IDMC:

Every day, people flee conflict and disasters and become displaced inside their own countries. IDMC, established in 1998 as part of the Norwegian Refugee Council, provides data and analysis and supports partners in identifying and implementing solutions to internal displacement.

For interviews please contact:

Kristiana Papi and Cora Bauer, Communications Specialists

Email: media@idmc.ch

Mobile: +44 757 238 2252

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Dawn Vout, head of external relations

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