百思一解
每個人都在尋求認同，在幾十億的人海裏。每個人都在尋求答案，在無窮多的可能中。
上一篇（http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/71485/201608/1233008.html）討論了非法移民對社會安全的影響。有興趣的網友可以在我的博客上找到。這一篇會主要討論非法移民對社會經濟財政的影響。
先總結一下網友的主要論點：（1）非法移民也交稅；（2）非法移民不享受社會福利；（3）非法移民對社安基金有著重要的支撐作用。
網友的主要根據是他們：(a) 付消費稅；(b)付房產稅；(c)很多人付收入稅和社安稅。
他們確實付消費稅，但這一群體的收入極低，消費也極低。不能指望他們貢獻多少消費稅。同理，也不能指望他們買房，最多租房，還得是最低價的房租。
非法移民沒有社安號，也是不敢去報稅的，怕移民局。但確實有不少非法移民冒險去買偽造證件以便找一個更穩定的工作。雖然依然是最低時新，但雇主會直接提他們報社安稅。所以網友在這一點上是對的。
但另一方麵，一旦他們有了偽造的社安號，難道會不知道美國還有退稅一說嗎？這裏有一則相關報道：
“。。。it is the Old Faithful of tax breaks that illegal aliens can access: the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC). Illegals filing their income taxes can claim the ACTC if they have (or claim to have) children in the United States. This tax credit, unlike virtually all others, can result in a negative income tax payment. That means that no taxes will be collected from the individual, but he or she will get a check in the mail for all taxes withheld plus a bonus for the credit。。。”-- http://cis.org/north/its-tax-refund-time-illegal-aliens?
這可能也是為什麽不少非法移民家裏孩子都很多的原因吧。
可能很多人認為非法移民不能享受國家福利，但事實上他們至少享受交通，公園，緊急醫療等基本公共福利。象前麵所說，很多非法移民都使用非法證件，騙取福利就隻是一步之遙。加上生的孩子是美國公民，稅收，教育，醫療等各種福利都觸手可及。
- “Now that these families have given birth to U.S. citizens, the families are eligible for benefits such as WIC and food stamps. Benefits such as these are for low income families. Illegal aliens often work in low paying jobs so they now qualify for benefits.”-- http://thelawdictionary.org/article/why-is-it-that-illegal-aliens-get-free-food-stamps-health-insurance-and-pay-no-taxes/
- “More than half of households headed by immigrants in the county illegally, or 62 percent, received welfare benefits in 2012, according to a report released by the Center for Immigration Studies.”-- http://freebeacon.com/issues/report-majority-of-illegal-immigrant-households-on-welfare/
- “Illegal immigrant households cost an average of $5,692 (driven largely by the presence of U.S.-born children), while legal immigrant households cost $6,378.”-- http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cashing-in-illegal-immigrants-get-1261-more-welfare-than-american-families-5692-vs.-4431/article/2590744
非法移民對社安基金的貢獻被大大誇大了，因為如上所述，非法移民絕對不是隻付出不索取的。某媒體的報道中舉了一個例子：
“。。。 More recently, he has also washed trucks, often working as much as 70 hours a week, earning $8.50 to $12.75 an hour。。。Last year, Mr. Martínez paid about $2,000 toward Social Security and $450 for Medicare through payroll taxes withheld from his wages。。。”-- http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/05/business/illegal-immigrants-are-bolstering-social-security-with-billions.html?_r=0?
這是一個非常努力工作的非法移民，他一年大概交$2450的social security 和 medicare 稅，因為他有偽造的社安號，隻要他不那麽高尚的話，就會去要退稅。低收入家庭可以報很多退稅項目，通常他們都是享受退稅而不是繳稅的。加上每年花在他們一家的福利（$5，000 左右），很難想像這是個賺錢的買賣。
網友的另一個連接提供了更多數據：“An illegal alien purchasing taxable goods in the amount of about $125,000 a year just to break even on what it costs Americans for that。。。” -- http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/08/29/coulter_does_the_american_taxpayer_want_to_pay_for_illegal_immigrants_to_stay.html。也就是說一個非法移民一年需要購買價值十二萬五千美刀的東西，其銷售稅才能持平國家花在他身上的錢。。。
If you feel that the tax rate applicable to them should be different, that is certainly a topic for discussion. Until then -- they are paying the taxes that are expected of them.
(2): The "benefits" and "welfare" that you refer to in the body of the article -- as you acknowledged: they are paid to the children, who are Americans.
Unless the law changes, the Americans are entitled to receive these benefits.
(3): >>>非法移民對社安基金的貢獻被大大誇大了
I am not sure what you mean. Here's the data from the Social Security Administration:
...According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), unauthorized immigrants -- who are not eligible to receive Social Security benefits -- have paid an eye-popping $100 billion into the fund over the past decade.
"They are paying an estimated $15 billion a year into Social Security with no intention of ever collecting benefits," Stephen Goss, chief actuary of the SSA told CNNMoney. "Without the estimated 3.1 million undocumented immigrants paying into the system, Social Security would have entered persistent shortfall of tax revenue to cover payouts starting in 2009," he said.
See http://money.cnn.com/2014/11/20/news/economy/immigration-myths/
(4): With regard to the issue of economic benefits, please note:
(a):
Alan Greenspan, former Federal Reserve Chairman, testified:
"But there is little doubt that unauthorized, that is, illegal, immigration has made a significant contribution to the growth of our economy. Between 2000 and 2007, for example, it accounted for more than a sixth of the increase in our total civilian labor force. The illegal part of the civilian labor force diminished last year as the economy slowed, though illegals still comprised
an estimated 5% of our total civilian labor force. Unauthorized immigrants serve as a flexible component of our workforce, often a safety valve when demand is pressing and among the first to be discharged when the economy falters."
See https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/greenspan_testimony_04_30_09.pdf
(b):
Professor Francine J. Lipman (University of Nevada, Las Vegas):
"Americans believe that undocumented immigrants are exploiting the United States' economy. The widespread belief is that illegal aliens cost more in government services than they contribute to the economy. This belief is undeniably false. [E]very empirical study of illegals' economic impact demonstrates the opposite . . .: undocumenteds actually contribute more to public coffers in taxes than they cost in social services. Moreover, undocumented immigrants contribute to the U.S. economy through their investments and consumption of goods and services; filling of millions of essential worker positions resulting in subsidiary job creation, increased productivity and lower costs of goods and services; and unrequited contributions to Social Security, Medicare and unemployment insurance programs.
Eighty-five percent of eminent economists surveyed have concluded that undocumented immigrants have had a positive (seventy-four percent) or neutral (eleven percent) impact on the U.S. economy."
See http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=881584
(c): Professor Raul Hinojosa (UCLA):
"Q: How is the undocumented immigrant community affecting the U.S. economy?
A: First and foremost, it's a source of value added. The total goods and services that they consume through their paycheck, plus all that they produce for their employers, is close to about $800 billion.
They're also producing at relatively lower costs because the undocumented population typically gets about 20% less in wages than if they were legalized. That leads to lower prices for us and higher profits to employers.
In addition, they're obviously a huge consumer base. We've seen that 90% of the wages that the undocumented population gets are spent inside the U.S. Remittances are sent abroad, but that only represents about 10% of immigrants' income. The numbers are becoming quite huge. We estimate about $50 billion dollars in remittances this year. That means that total consumptive capacity remaining in the U.S. is $400 billion to $450 billion."
See https://biz.yahoo.com/special/illegal05_article2.html
(5):
One final note:
Federal tax law prohibits the IRS from sharing data with other government agencies, including USCIS. See https://www.irs.gov/government-entities/federal-state-local-governments/disclosure-laws
The reason? So that the federal government can collect tax revenues against them.
In other words, the US is purposefully and knowingly taxing these individuals, knowing that they do not have legal status.