顱腦損傷包括外傷,可致,可造成精神異常,或曰 精神病。
據文獻(不少)說:
1,毛岸青 有精神病, 具體病名不知。
2,毛岸青 幼少時 在滬 被襲擊 擊傷頭部,(具體傷情,醫生診斷和治療,不知)留下後遺症。
3,毛岸青的精神異常(如果診斷確實)很可能 是後天性的, 繼發性的。
腦損傷與精神病大概由於:
1,器質結構改變,
2,通路,線路,circuit 變故,短路,錯路,反路等,
3,某些神經介質的產生,輸送,結合,分解代謝障礙。
下文是 丹麥醫學家科學家 對丹麥近14萬人群的調查報告。
這麽大規模的試驗課題,很罕見,很特殊,很有說服力。智者慧眼自辯。
has taught at many institutions including Harvard Medical School.
顱腦外傷性損害 可以導致精神病發生。
When traumatic brain injuries TBI cause psychiatric symptoms
In 2013, a group of Danish scientists found that individuals with TBI (including concussions) were
four times more likely to develop a mental illness. People who had received a TBI were
顱腦損傷後,精神病的發生率 是 正常人群體的4倍。
65 percent more likely to develop schizophrenia, 精神分裂症 65%
59 percent more likely to develop depression and 抑鬱症 59%
28 percent more likely to develop bipolar disorder. 狂躁-抑鬱症 28%
This study is the largest of its kind and involved following 1.4 million Danish citizens born between the years 1977 and 2000. ---- 【注:1.4million, 原文如此, 當為 113,906 腦顱受傷者】
詳見 : http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13020190?
A head injury, especially a severe head injury or one occurring between the ages of 11 and 15, increased the risk for subsequent schizophrenia by 65%, the risk of depression by 59%, the risk of bipolar disorder by 28%, and the risk of organic mental disorders by more than 400% in this largest-to-date analysis of data from over 100,000 individuals.
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This study is far from the only one to suggest a link between TBI and mental illness. A research team led by Jonathan Godbout, an associate professor at Ohio State University,found that mice that had sustained a TBI demonstrated increased depressive symptoms as well as higher-than-normal levels of neural inflammation. (I have previously written aboutmental illness’ surprising link to inflammation). Yet another study found that experiencing depressive symptoms after a head injury is more common than not — the prevalence of depression after TBI is greater than 50 percent.
The most frightening piece of research, however, was published earlier this year: People who had received a concussion in the past were three times more likely to fall victim to suicide.