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口渴大腦滲透傳感器諾貝爾獎?

(2020-10-01 17:00:47) 下一個

科學與社會力學生物學論文集

 

克裏斯托弗·齊默曼

 

嵌入式影像

掃描小鼠大腦下頜器官冠狀切片的共聚焦熒光顯微照片,顯示乾渴的神經元(黃色)和細胞核(品紅色)。

 

照片:CHRISTOPHER ZIMMERMAN

我們每天都感到口渴,但是這種感覺從何而來?在1950年代,本格·安德森(Bengt Andersson)提出了一個誘人的答案:我們的大腦可能包含控製口渴的“滲透傳感器”(1),該傳感器由一組細胞組成,這些細胞通過直接監測血液的滲透壓來感知何時我們脫水。在一係列開創性實驗中,安德森(Andersson)係統地將鹽注入山羊的大腦,以試圖找到這種滲透傳感器(2,3)。他最終在下丘腦內發現了一小片區域,即使是微量的鹽也可立即開始大量喝酒。隨後的研究表明,安德森的滲透壓傳感器涵蓋了分支下器官(SFO),這是一個大腦區域,由於它位於血腦屏障之外,特別適合檢測血滲透壓(4)。

ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETYNEUROBIOLOGY

 

The origins of thirst

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Science  02 Oct 2020:
Vol. 370, Issue 6512, pp. 45-46
DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1479
 
Embedded Image

Scanning confocal fluorescence micrograph of a coronal section of the subfornical organ in the mouse brain, showing thirst neurons (yellow) and cell nuclei (magenta).

PHOTO: CHRISTOPHER ZIMMERMAN

We experience thirst every day, but where does this sensation come from? In the 1950s, Bengt Andersson proposed a tantalizing answer: Our brains might contain an “osmosensor” (1) that governs thirst, which consists of a group of cells that sense when we are dehydrated by directly monitoring the osmolarity of the blood. In a series of pioneering experiments , Andersson systematically infused salt into the brains of goats in an attempt to locate this osmosensor (23). He ultimately discovered a small area within the hypothalamus where even minute amounts of salt triggered immediate, voracious drinking. Subsequent studies established that Andersson's osmosensor encompasses the subfornical organ (SFO), a brain region that is distinctively suited to detecting blood osmolarity because it lies outside the blood-brain barrier (4).

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