一個丹麥的研究顯示：衽娠期間得流感會增加孩子得自閉症的風險

[中文提示] 婦女衽娠期間得流感或發燒超過一周，會增加出身孩子得「泛自閉症障礙」或「自閉症係列障礙」（autistic spectrum disorder）*的風險。

*「泛自閉症障礙」通常包括：
1、典型自閉症：發生於三歲前，含社會互動、溝通、想象性遊戲等三種障礙，並存有定型的行為、興趣及活動。
2、亞斯伯格症（Asperger syndrome）：社會互動障礙及拘限的興趣和活動，無明顯的語言障礙，智商約在中等或中等之上。
3、兒童崩解症（childhood disintegrative disorder）。
4、雷特症（Rett syndrome）。
5、廣泛性發展障礙非特定型（pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified） 或一般所稱的「非典型自閉症」（atypical autism）。(http://www.cnautism.com/book/book/200911/228.html)

Pregnant women who catch flu or have a fever that lasts over one week have a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with an ASD (autism spectrum disorder), researchers from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, reported in the journal Pediatrics.

The authors gathered and analyzed data on a population-based cohort of 96,736 children, all of them were born in Denmark from 1997 to 2003. Their mothers were asked what illnesses, especially infections and fevers, they had during their pregnancies and the early days after giving birth. They were also asked about any antibiotic use during those periods.

The following infections or conditions during pregnancy were linked a higher autism risk in the baby:

• Influenza (flu) - pregnant mothers who caught the flu had twice the risk of giving birth to a baby who eventually was diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder before the age of three years

• Fever - pregnant mothers who said they had a fever that lasted for at least one week had three times the risk of giving birth to a baby who eventually was diagnosed with an ASD before the age of 3

• Antibiotic usage - pregnant mothers who took antibiotics had a slightly higher risk of having a baby with an ASD

The authors emphasize that their findings need to be backed up with a more thoroughly controlled study, and acknowledge that their study had certain methodological limitations.

Lead researcher Hjordis Osk Atladottir, MD, PhD, says that women who catch the flu or have a fever during pregnancy should not be alarmed by these findings. Approximately 98% of those who did catch flu or had a lasting fever gave birth to children with no ASD.

丹麥研究人員在美國新一期《兒科學雜誌》上報告說，孕婦患流感或發燒一周以上，可能會提高其子女患自閉症的風險。

　　在分析了1997年至2003年出生的丹麥寶寶及其母親的數據後，丹麥奧胡斯大學的研究人員發現，如果孕婦患流行性感冒，其子女在3歲前被診斷出患自閉症的風險增加一倍；如果孕婦發燒持續一周以上，其子女在3歲前被診斷出患自閉症的風險提高兩倍。

　　報告還顯示，孕婦在孕期患普通感冒、尿道或生殖器官感染，並不會提高子女患自閉症的風險。但如果孕婦服用過抗生素，其子女患自閉症的風險也會稍有提高。

研究人員表示，上述結果的可能解釋是，病毒、病菌會刺激母體的免疫係統，這可能影響胎兒的大腦發育。不過他們也指出，這項研究不應該引起絲毫擔憂，因為有98%的患流感孕婦不會生下自閉症寶寶。

　　自閉症是一種嚴重的精神發育障礙，症狀一般在3歲以前就會表現出來，主要特征是漠視情感、拒絕交流、語言發育遲滯、行為重複刻板等。