一個國際研究小組與世界衛生組織（WHO)合作進行了一個研究，結果顯示全球成年人患糖尿病的人數比三十年前翻了一番，為3億4千7百萬人。這個發表在《柳葉刀》（The Lancet）上的文章揭示在過去三十年裏，世界各地的患糖尿病的人數都有所增加或保持不變。
研究發現中國有1億3千8百萬人患糖尿病，而美國有3千6百萬人。在高收入國家中，美國，格陵蘭，馬耳它，新西蘭，和西班牙的糖尿病發生率最高。荷蘭，澳大利亞，和法國的糖尿病發生率最低。
Background
Data for trends in glycaemia and diabetes prevalence are needed to understand the effects of diet and lifestyle within populations, assess the performance of interventions, and plan health services. No consistent and comparable global analysis of trends has been done. We estimated trends and their uncertainties in mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diabetes prevalence for adults aged 25 years and older in 199 countries and territories.
Methods
We obtained data from health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (370 country-years and 2·7 million participants). We converted systematically between different glycaemic metrics. For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean FPG and its uncertainty by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally, subnationally, or community representative.
Findings
In 2008, global age-standardised mean FPG was 5·50 mmol/L (95% uncertainty interval 5·37—5·63) for men and 5·42 mmol/L (5·29—5·54) for women, having risen by 0·07 mmol/L and 0·09 mmol/L per decade, respectively. Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence was 9·8% (8·6—11·2) in men and 9·2% (8·0—10·5) in women in 2008, up from 8·3% (6·5—10·4) and 7·5% (5·8—9·6) in 1980. The number of people with diabetes increased from 153 (127—182) million in 1980, to 347 (314—382) million in 2008. We recorded almost no change in mean FPG in east and southeast Asia and central and eastern Europe. Oceania had the largest rise, and the highest mean FPG (6·09 mmol/L, 5·73—6·49 for men; 6·08 mmol/L, 5·72—6·46 for women) and diabetes prevalence (15·5%, 11·6—20·1 for men; and 15·9%, 12·1—20·5 for women) in 2008. Mean FPG and diabetes prevalence in 2008 were also high in south Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and central Asia, north Africa, and the Middle East. Mean FPG in 2008 was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, east and southeast Asia, and high-income Asia-Pacific. In high-income subregions, western Europe had the smallest rise, 0·07 mmol/L per decade for men and 0·03 mmol/L per decade for women; North America had the largest rise, 0·18 mmol/L per decade for men and 0·14 mmol/L per decade for women.
Interpretation
Glycaemia and diabetes are rising globally, driven both by population growth and ageing and by increasing age-specific prevalences. Effective preventive interventions are needed, and health systems should prepare to detect and manage diabetes and its sequelae.
REF：Goodarz Danaei MD, Mariel M Finucane PhD, Yuan Lu MSc, Gitanjali M Singh PhD, Melanie J Cowan MPH, Christopher J Paciorek PhD, John K Lin AB, Farshad Farzadfar MD, Prof Young-Ho Khang MD, Gretchen A Stevens DSc, Mayuree Rao BA, Mohammed K Ali MBChB, Leanne M Riley MSc, Carolyn A Robinson MSc, Prof Majid Ezzati PhD, on behalf of the Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Blood Glucose). National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2·7 million participants. The Lancet, Volume 378, Issue 9785, Pages 31 - 40, 2 July 2011
